Differentiate the energy yield from lipid, carbohydrate, and protein catabolism.

Question

﻿Differentiate the energy yield from lipid, carbohydrate, and protein catabolism.

Accepted Answer

∻Answer∻ ⚹ The energy yield from lipid, carbohydrate, and protein catabolism varies due to differences in their biochemical pathways and the number of ATP molecules produced. ⚹ ∻Solution∻ ‖ a ⋮ Lipid Catabolism: Lipids are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. Fatty acids undergo β-oxidation to form acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. This process yields a high amount of ATP. For example, the complete oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid (a 16-carbon fatty acid) yields approximately 106 ATP molecules. ‖ ‖ b ⋮ Carbohydrate Catabolism: Carbohydrates, primarily glucose, are metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. One molecule of glucose yields approximately 30-32 ATP molecules. ‖ ‖ c ⋮ Protein Catabolism: Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are deaminated to remove the amino group. The remaining carbon skeletons are converted into intermediates that enter the citric acid cycle. The energy yield from protein catabolism is variable and generally lower than that from lipids and carbohydrates, typically around 4-5 ATP per amino acid. ‖ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Energy yield from different macromolecules varies due to their distinct metabolic pathways. ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Lipids yield the most ATP due to their dense energy storage, followed by carbohydrates, and then proteins, which have a variable and generally lower energy yield. ⚹◊How does the ATP yield from lipid catabolism compare to that from carbohydrate and protein catabolism?⍭ Generate me a similar question◊

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