A programmer is creating a simulation of a city where natural disasters can randomly occur. This incomplete code segment simulates a Godzilla disaster: IF () { cityHealth - cityHealth - 30 disasterMode - "godzilla" } The code should only give Godzilla a 2% chance of storming the city. Which of these can replace so that the code works as intended? Choose 1 answer: A RANDOM (1, 100) = 98 RANDOM (1, 100) = 2 D

Question

A programmer is creating a simulation of a city where natural disasters can randomly occur. This incomplete code segment simulates a Godzilla disaster: IF () { cityHealth - cityHealth - 30 disasterMode - "godzilla" } The code should only give Godzilla a 2% chance of storming the city. Which of these can replace so that the code works as intended? Choose 1 answer: A RANDOM (1, 100) <= 2 B RANDOM (1, 100) >= 98 RANDOM (1, 100) <= 98 C RANDOM (1, 100) >= 2 D

Accepted Answer

∻Explanation∻ ⚹The problem requires determining the correct condition to use in an IF statement to simulate a 2% chance of a Godzilla disaster in a city simulation.⚹ ∻Step-by-step Instruction∻ ‖ ▪ ⋮ Understand the requirement: The code should simulate a 2% chance of a disaster. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ Identify the correct condition: The RANDOM function should generate a number between 1 and 100, and the condition should be true for 2 out of those 100 numbers. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ Evaluate the options: Check which condition correctly represents a 2% chance. ‖ ∻Time Complexity∻ ⚹The time complexity of evaluating a condition in an IF statement is O(1).⚹ ∻Space Complexity∻ ⚹The space complexity is O(1) as no additional space is required.⚹ Let's evaluate the given options: 1. **Option A: `RANDOM(1, 100) <= 2`** - This condition will be true if the random number generated is 1 or 2. - Probability: $\frac{2}{100} = 0.02$ or 2%. 2. **Option B: `RANDOM(1, 100) >= 98`** - This condition will be true if the random number generated is 98, 99, or 100. - Probability: $\frac{3}{100} = 0.03$ or 3%. 3. **Option C: `RANDOM(1, 100) <= 98`** - This condition will be true if the random number generated is between 1 and 98. - Probability: $\frac{98}{100} = 0.98$ or 98%. 4. **Option D: `RANDOM(1, 100) >= 2`** - This condition will be true if the random number generated is between 2 and 100. - Probability: $\frac{99}{100} = 0.99$ or 99%. The correct answer is **Option A: `RANDOM(1, 100) <= 2`**. Here is the code snippet with the correct condition: ```python import random # Simulate a Godzilla disaster with a 2% chance def simulate_disaster(): # Generate a random number between 1 and 100 if random.randint(1, 100) <= 2: # Subtract 30 from cityHealth cityHealth = 100 # Example initial value cityHealth -= 30 # Set disasterMode to "godzilla" disasterMode = "godzilla" return cityHealth, disasterMode else: return None, None ``` ```python # Main function to test simulate_disaster def main(): # Test case 1: Run the simulation and check if disaster occurs cityHealth, disasterMode = simulate_disaster() if disasterMode == "godzilla": assert cityHealth == 70 assert disasterMode == "godzilla" else: assert disasterMode is None # Test case 2: Run the simulation multiple times to check the probability godzilla_count = 0 for _ in range(10000): _, disasterMode = simulate_disaster() if disasterMode == "godzilla": godzilla_count += 1 # Check if the number of disasters is approximately 2% of the total runs assert 180 <= godzilla_count <= 220 # Allowing some margin for randomness # Run the main function main() ``` ∻Explanation∻ ⚹The code simulates a 2% chance of a Godzilla disaster by using the condition `RANDOM(1, 100) <= 2`.⚹ ∻Time Complexity∻ ⚹The time complexity of the simulation is O(1) for each run.⚹ ∻Space Complexity∻ ⚹The space complexity is O(1) as no additional space is required.⚹

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