Explain how dominant and recessive epistasis alter the normal dihybrid ratio of 9:3:3:1

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∻Answer∻ ⚹ Dominant epistasis can result in a 12:3:1 ratio, while recessive epistasis can result in a 9:3:4 ratio, both altering the normal 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio. ⚹ ∻Solution∻ ‖ a ⋮ Dominant Epistasis: Occurs when the dominant allele of one gene masks the effects of both alleles of a second gene. ‖ ‖ b ⋮ Example of Dominant Epistasis: In the case of squash color, a dominant allele $ A $ can mask the expression of the other gene $ B $, leading to a modified ratio of 12:3:1 instead of 9:3:3:1. ‖ ‖ c ⋮ Recessive Epistasis: Occurs when the homozygous recessive condition of one gene masks the effects of a second gene. ‖ ‖ d ⋮ Example of Recessive Epistasis: In Labrador retrievers, the $ e $ allele is epistatic to the $ B $ gene, and when homozygous recessive $ ee $, it masks the expression of $ B $, resulting in a modified ratio of 9:3:4. ‖ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Epistasis is the interaction between genes where one gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene, altering the expected phenotypic ratios in a dihybrid cross. ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Dominant epistasis involves a dominant allele masking the expression of alleles at a second locus, while recessive epistasis involves a recessive allele at one locus masking the expression at a second locus, both leading to altered phenotypic ratios from the expected 9:3:3:1 in a dihybrid cross. ⚹◊How do epistatic genes affect the expected Mendelian dihybrid ratio?⍭ Generate me a similar question◊

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