Make appropriate synthesis designs to synthesize the carboxylic acid anhydrides given below, starting from the compounds you want and using the reagents that may be necessary.
a)benzoic acetic anhydride
b)succinic anhydride
c)butanoic anhydride

Question

Make appropriate synthesis designs to synthesize the carboxylic acid anhydrides given below, starting from the compounds you want and using the reagents that may be necessary.
a)benzoic acetic anhydride
b)succinic anhydride
c)butanoic anhydride

Accepted Answer

∻Solution∻ ‖ 1 ⋮ **Select starting materials**: For benzoic acetic anhydride, we need benzoic acid ($C_6H_5COOH$) and acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$) as starting materials. ‖ ‖ 2 ⋮ **Synthesis step**: React benzoic acid with acetic anhydride ($CH_3COOCOCH_3$) to form benzoic acetic anhydride ($C_6H_5COOCOCH_3$). The reaction is an acylation that requires a catalyst, such as pyridine. ‖ ∻Answer∻ ⚹ Benzoic acetic anhydride can be synthesized by reacting benzoic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst like pyridine. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Acylation reaction ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Benzoic acetic anhydride is formed by the reaction of benzoic acid with acetic anhydride, which is an acylation process. ⚹ ∻Solution∻ ‖ 1 ⋮ **Select starting materials**: For succinic anhydride, we need succinic acid ($HOOC(CH_2)_2COOH$) as the starting material. ‖ ‖ 2 ⋮ **Synthesis step**: Heat succinic acid to cause an intramolecular dehydration reaction, which results in the formation of succinic anhydride ($C_4H_4O_3$). ‖ ∻Answer∻ ⚹ Succinic anhydride can be synthesized by heating succinic acid to induce an intramolecular dehydration reaction. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Intramolecular dehydration ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Succinic anhydride is produced from succinic acid through an intramolecular dehydration reaction upon heating. ⚹ ∻Solution∻ ‖ 1 ⋮ **Select starting materials**: For butanoic anhydride, we need butanoic acid ($CH_3(CH_2)_2COOH$) as the starting material. ‖ ‖ 2 ⋮ **Synthesis step**: React two molecules of butanoic acid under dehydrating conditions, such as using a dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide ($P_2O_5$), to form butanoic anhydride ($C_4H_6O_3$). ‖ ∻Answer∻ ⚹ Butanoic anhydride can be synthesized by reacting two molecules of butanoic acid under dehydrating conditions using a dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Dehydration synthesis ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Butanoic anhydride is formed by a dehydration reaction between two molecules of butanoic acid in the presence of a dehydrating agent. ⚹◊What reagents and conditions are commonly used to synthesize carboxylic acid anhydrides in organic chemistry?⍭ Generate me a similar question◊

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