Tell me the concept of Breath-first search

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⚹ Breadth-first search (BFS) is an algorithm used for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. ⚹ ⚹ Here are the key points about BFS: ⚹ ‖ ▪ ⋮ BFS starts at the root (or any arbitrary node in the case of a graph) and explores the neighbor nodes at the present depth prior to moving on to nodes at the next depth level. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ It uses a queue data structure to keep track of the nodes to be explored. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ BFS is particularly useful for finding the shortest path in an unweighted graph. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ The algorithm works by enqueuing the starting node, then repeatedly dequeuing a node, processing it, and enqueuing all its unvisited neighbors. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ BFS can be implemented iteratively using a queue, which helps in avoiding the issues of stack overflow that can occur with recursive implementations. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ The time complexity of BFS is $O(V + E)$, where $V$ is the number of vertices and $E$ is the number of edges in the graph. ‖ ‖ ▪ ⋮ The space complexity of BFS is $O(V)$, as it needs to store all the vertices in the worst case. ‖ ⚹ In summary, BFS is a fundamental algorithm in computer science for graph traversal and is widely used in various applications such as finding the shortest path, web crawling, and social networking sites. ⚹

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