What are the major ways （mechanisms） microbes resist the actions of drugs?

Question

What are the major ways （mechanisms） ﻿microbes resist the actions of drugs?

Accepted Answer

∻Answer∻ ⚹ Microbes resist the actions of drugs through various mechanisms such as altering drug targets, inactivating drugs, and efflux pumps. ⚹ ∻Solution∻ ‖ a ⋮ Alteration of drug targets: Microbes can mutate their DNA to modify the drug's target site, rendering the drug ineffective. ‖ ‖ b ⋮ Drug inactivation: Some microbes produce enzymes that chemically modify or degrade the drug before it can exert its effect. ‖ ‖ c ⋮ Efflux pumps: Microbial cells can possess efflux pumps that actively expel the drug from the cell, reducing its concentration and effectiveness. ‖ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Microbial drug resistance ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Microbes resist drugs through genetic mutations, enzymatic degradation, and efflux mechanisms, which can be combated by using combination therapies and developing new drugs. ⚹◊What role does genetic variation play in microbial drug resistance?⍭ Generate me a similar question◊

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