,1) has compared the opening of
Sydney's Barangaroo Reserve in August 2015, what he calls 'an expansive,
charming public space at the heart of a great commercial city', with New York's
High Line6 and London's East End Olympic7 redevelopment, each landmark
public parks that 'help define a major metropolis's sense of place'.
62 Sarah Barns
For Flannery, trained as an environmental scientist, the qualities of biodiver-
sity and ecology now embraced at the site pay respect to the area's pre-colonial
environmental history

,The project's title, as well as its emotional register, was as much about
the story of migration, the working conditions of the poor and the loneliness of
the sea as it was about displacement, not only of the local residents, but of the
many layers of Sydney's industrial history enacted by the arrival of Barangaroo.
The tensions I have described are, I am aware, common to many placemaking
contexts where the risks associated with 'pseudo-participation' and a naive
romanticism towards the values of place have prompted calls for deeper engage-
ment with the socially-engaged practices that resist neoliberal agendas attached
to city culturalisation (Zukin, 2013; Courage, 2017, p.53)

,It is now widely recognised that when a
place has a strong identity, a strong 'sense of place', this brings with it not only
improved social cohesion and community benefits, but also uplifts in land value.
Placemaking now defines a thriving ecosystem of practitioners, consultants and
designers working in their respective fields of architecture, urban design, prop-
erty development, local government, community engagement and public art.
Each is united in working towards the common goal of making great places

 If history is told by the
victors, the celebratory narratives of places and our enduring, emotional invest-
ments in them can, likewise, be easily refashioned to suit the marketisation and
privatisation of public space.
Such tensions are no doubt particularly common within creative placemaking
projects reliant on funding from developer interests, whether government-owned
or private

 It includes a new
financial district comprising three commercial office towers designed by Richard
Rogers; an AUD$1.5b casino; a series of high-end residential apartments, as well
as shopping, dining, hotel, and hospitality services and a public promenade
leading to the new headland reserve.
The many controversies provoked by the redevelopment are familiar to most
Sydney-siders The winning urban design for the development, selected in 2005
through an international urban design competition, was ultimately set aside by
planning authorities following a series of modifications to the masterplan,
which included a doubling of the allowable density and significant increases
in the proposed height of buildings

 This, in turn, risks
seeing the practice of creative placemaking become ever more closely entwined
with narratives of developer-led revitalisation

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巴兰加鲁南部是开发最密集的区域，有写字楼、公寓和皇冠酒店。 Pham（2015）认为这种设计有助于悉