10162 · Obstetric Ultrasound PG10162 · 产科超声（研究生 · 临床实操单元）
A clinical sonography unit assessed by a real practical scan + viva AND a 35% remotely-proctored final exam.一门临床超声实操课：既有真实的实操扫查 + 口试（viva），也有占 35% 的线上监考期末考。10162 (Obstetric Ultrasound PG) is a postgraduate clinical unit in the University of Canberra's Graduate Diploma in Medical Ultrasound. You learn to perform first-, second- and third-trimester obstetric scans — dating, fetal biometry, the morphology survey, multiple pregnancy, placenta and cervix, and obstetric Doppler. Assessment blends a Case study oral presentation (25%), a hurdle Clinical Skills Assessment (practical scan to 'advanced beginner' + viva voce ≥50%, SY/US + 40%), a formative Professional Conversation, and a remotely-proctored final online exam (35%, 37 questions, 120 minutes). Delivered online in real time, Semester 1. Built from 88 real 10162 course materials in the AskSia Library, including past-paper material.
10162（产科超声 · 研究生）是堪培拉大学“医学超声研究生文凭”下的临床实操单元。你将学会完成孕早、中、晚三个孕期的产科超声扫查——孕龄估算、胎儿生物测量、形态学系统扫查、多胎妊娠、胎盘与宫颈，以及产科多普勒。考核由案例研究口头报告（25%）、及格门槛式临床技能评估（实操达“advanced beginner”水平 + 口试 viva voce ≥50%，SY/US + 40%）、形成性的专业对话，以及一场线上监考期末考（35%，37 题，120 分钟）共同构成。第 1 学期线上实时授课。本指南基于 AskSia Library 中 88 份真实 10162 课程材料（含历年试题类材料）整理而成。
Built from 88 real 10162 course materials in the AskSia Library, including past-paper material.
基于 AskSia Library 中 88 份真实 10162 课程材料（含历年试题类材料）整理而成。
What 10162 is about10162 讲什么
Obstetric Ultrasound PG (10162) is a 3-credit-point postgraduate unit in the University of Canberra's Faculty of Health, Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, within the Graduate Diploma in Medical Ultrasound. The unit moves through five modules — advanced gynaecological topics, embryology, then first-, second- and third-trimester obstetric scanning. You learn to confirm viability and date a pregnancy (mean sac diameter and crown rump length in the first trimester; BPD, HC, AC, FL biometry later), perform the systematic mid-trimester morphology survey, screen for congenital anomalies, determine chorionicity and amnionicity in multiple pregnancy, evaluate the placenta and cervix, and apply obstetric Doppler — all underpinned by embryology, anatomy, physiology and pathology. Unlike the previous AskSia draft, 10162 DOES have a final exam: assessment combines a Case study oral presentation (25%), a Clinical Skills Assessment (practical scan to 'advanced beginner' level [SY/US hurdle] plus a viva voce scored ≥50% [hurdle], +40%), a formative Professional Conversation, and a remotely-proctored final online exam worth 35%. Delivered online in real time in Semester 1.
产科超声（研究生 · 10162）是堪培拉大学健康学院、医学放射科学方向下的一门 3 学分研究生单元，隶属“医学超声研究生文凭”项目。课程分为五个模块——进阶妇科主题、胚胎学，以及孕早、中、晚三个孕期的产科扫查。你将学会确认胎儿存活并估算孕龄（孕早期用平均孕囊径 MSD 与头臀长 CRL，之后用 BPD、HC、AC、FL 生物测量）、完成系统化的孕中期形态学扫查、筛查先天异常、在多胎妊娠中判断绒毛膜性与羊膜性、评估胎盘与宫颈，并应用产科多普勒——全部以胚胎学、解剖、生理与病理为支撑。与 AskSia 之前的草稿不同，10162 确实有期末考：考核由案例研究口头报告（25%）、临床技能评估（实操达“advanced beginner”水平〔SY/US 及格门槛〕加口试 viva voce ≥50%〔及格门槛〕，+40%）、形成性的专业对话，以及一场占 35% 的线上监考期末考共同构成。第 1 学期线上实时授课。
The 10162 syllabus, topic by topic10162 大纲 · 逐个主题
Advanced gynaecological ultrasound (Module 1)进阶妇科超声（模块 1）
Builds on the 10161 female pelvic scan: characterising ovarian cysts, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, infertility and pelvic masses — the gynae foundation for obstetric scanning.
在 10161 女性盆腔扫查基础上拓展：卵巢囊肿定性、异常子宫出血、子宫内膜异位症、不孕症与盆腔肿块——产科扫查的妇科基础。
Embryology & early development (Module 2)胚胎学与早期发育（模块 2）
Gametogenesis, fertilisation and the embryonic period (weeks 3–8). Understanding normal development is the basis for recognising congenital anomalies and discussing changes with the patient.
配子发生、受精与胚胎期（第 3–8 周）。理解正常发育是识别先天异常、并向孕妇解释身体变化的基础。
First-trimester scanning, dating & viability (Module 3)孕早期扫查、孕龄估算与存活判断（模块 3）
Transabdominal and transvaginal technique; gestational sac, yolk sac and embryo; dating by mean sac diameter (MSD) and crown rump length (CRL); fetal heart motion as the marker of viability.
经腹与经阴道技术；孕囊、卵黄囊与胚胎；用平均孕囊径（MSD）与头臀长（CRL）估算孕龄；以胎心搏动判断存活。
Nuchal translucency & first-trimester screening颈项透明层与孕早期筛查
Nuchal translucency (NT) measurement combined with maternal age, free β-hCG and PAPP-A to give an adjusted risk for trisomy 21/18/13; the role of nasal bone, ductus venosus and NIPT.
颈项透明层（NT）测量结合母亲年龄、游离 β-hCG 与 PAPP-A，给出 21/18/13 三体的调整风险；以及鼻骨、静脉导管与 NIPT 的作用。
First-trimester pathology孕早期病理
Ectopic (extra-uterine) pregnancy, missed/incomplete miscarriage, anembryonic pregnancy (blighted ovum), and gestational trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole) — sonographic features and hCG correlation.
异位（宫外）妊娠、稽留/不全流产、无胚胎妊娠（萎陷卵），以及妊娠滋养细胞疾病（葡萄胎）——超声特征与 hCG 相关性。
Second-trimester morphology survey (Module 4)孕中期形态学系统扫查（模块 4）
The systematic mid-trimester anomaly scan: head (BPD, HC, posterior fossa, lateral ventricles), heart (four-chamber + outflow tracts), abdomen, spine and limbs — following ASUM/ISUOG protocols.
系统化的孕中期畸形筛查扫查：头部（BPD、HC、后颅窝、侧脑室）、心脏（四腔心 + 流出道）、腹部、脊柱与四肢——遵循 ASUM/ISUOG 规范。
Fetal biometry & growth assessment胎儿生物测量与生长评估
Standard biometry — biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) — to date the pregnancy and estimate fetal weight (EFW); detecting IUGR/SGA.
标准生物测量——双顶径（BPD）、头围（HC）、腹围（AC）、股骨长（FL）——用于估算孕龄与胎儿体重（EFW）；识别 IUGR/SGA。
Multiple pregnancy: chorionicity & amnionicity多胎妊娠：绒毛膜性与羊膜性
Distinguishing dichorionic-diamniotic, monochorionic-diamniotic and monochorionic-monoamniotic twins using the 'twin peak' (lambda) vs 'T' sign; complications such as TTTS and discordant growth.
用“双胎峰”（lambda 征）与“T 征”区分双绒双羊、单绒双羊、单绒单羊；以及双胎输血综合征（TTTS）、生长不一致等并发症。
Placental evaluation & placenta praevia胎盘评估与前置胎盘
Assessing placental location, architecture, calcification and cord insertion; relationship to the internal os — placenta praevia, marginal and low-lying placenta, confirmed transvaginally.
评估胎盘位置、结构、钙化与脐带入口；与宫颈内口的关系——前置胎盘、边缘性与低置胎盘，并经阴道确认。
Cervical assessment & preterm birth prediction宫颈评估与早产预测
Cervical length and funnelling to predict preterm birth (16–24 weeks window); transabdominal vs transvaginal cut-offs (≥35 mm TA / ≤25 mm TV); the Whole Nine Months screening approach.
用宫颈长度与漏斗征预测早产（16–24 周窗口期）；经腹与经阴道的不同界值（经腹 ≥35 mm / 经阴道 ≤25 mm）；以及 Whole Nine Months 筛查策略。
Third-trimester scanning & obstetric Doppler (Module 5)孕晚期扫查与产科多普勒（模块 5）
Growth, presentation (fetal lie), amniotic fluid index (AFI), placental localisation, and colour/spectral Doppler of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus for fetal well-being.
生长、胎位（胎儿姿势）、羊水指数（AFI）、胎盘定位，以及对脐动脉、大脑中动脉与静脉导管的彩色/频谱多普勒评估胎儿安危。
Professional practice, patient care & communication专业实践、患者照护与沟通
Informed consent, confidentiality and de-identification, image optimisation and artifact recognition, delivering unexpected news, and critical evaluation of one's own clinical practice.
知情同意、保密与去标识化、图像优化与伪像识别、告知意外结果，以及对自身临床实践的批判性评估。
How 10162 is assessed10162 怎么考核
Final exam: Yes期末考试：有| Component考核项 | Weight占比 | Note说明 |
|---|---|---|
| Professional Conversation专业对话 | 0% (formative) | Formative item due early in the semester (around week 3). Builds reflective and communication skills; does not contribute marks but is part of the unit's professional-practice strand.形成性评估，学期前段（约第 3 周）提交。培养反思与沟通能力；不计入分数，但属于本课专业实践主线的一部分。 |
| Case study — oral presentation (1st, 2nd or 3rd trimester)案例研究 — 口头报告（孕早/中/晚期任选其一） | 25% | A ~15-minute seminar on a case you performed or assisted with in the last 6 months: patient history, preparation, anatomy, procedure, image appearances, findings/differentials, pathology and technical critique. A signed permission statement and full de-identification are required — missing either scores zero.约 15 分钟的研讨报告，基于你近 6 个月内亲自完成或参与的病例：病史、准备、解剖、操作流程、图像表现、发现与鉴别诊断、病理与技术评析。必须提交签署的许可声明并完成全面去标识化——缺其一即记零分。 |
| Clinical Skills Assessment — Practical component (scan)临床技能评估 — 实操部分（扫查） | SY/US (hurdle, part of +40%) | Hurdle. A first- AND second-or-third-trimester scan performed at your clinical site, marked satisfactory/unsatisfactory; you must reach at least 'advanced beginner' competence as judged by an AMS-accredited sonographer/sonologist. De-identified images, reports and site protocol are submitted for the viva.及格门槛。在临床实习点完成的孕早期与（孕中或孕晚期）扫查，按合格/不合格评定；须达到由 AMS 注册超声师/超声医师评定的至少“advanced beginner”水平。需提交去标识化的图像、报告与院内协议，供口试使用。 |
| Clinical Skills Assessment — Viva voce component临床技能评估 — 口试（viva voce）部分 | ≥50% (hurdle, part of +40%) | Hurdle requiring ≥50%. A 15–30 minute online (Teams) viva discussing your submitted CSA images: examination planning, patient care, protocol and technique, image presentation, normal vs abnormal recognition, image optimisation, artifact recognition and critical self-evaluation.及格门槛，须达 ≥50%。15–30 分钟的线上（Teams）口试，围绕你提交的 CSA 图像展开：检查规划、患者照护、协议与技术、图像呈现、正常与异常识别、图像优化、伪像识别与批判性自评。 |
| Final online exam (remotely proctored)线上期末考（远程监考） | 35% | Off-campus, remotely proctored exam held in the exam period (18–29 May 2026): 37 questions, 120-minute time limit, sat after a student declaration. Covers the full theory across all five modules.校外、远程监考的考试，在考试周（2026 年 5 月 18–29 日）进行：37 题，限时 120 分钟，考前须完成学生声明。覆盖五个模块的全部理论。 |
10162 has BOTH practical and written assessment. It combines a Case study oral presentation (25%), a Clinical Skills Assessment with a practical scan to 'advanced beginner' level (SY/US hurdle) and a viva voce scored ≥50% (hurdle), together worth +40%, a formative Professional Conversation, and a remotely-proctored final online exam worth 35% (37 questions, 120 minutes). Both hurdles must be satisfied and the marked aggregate must reach ≥50% to pass.
10162 同时有实操与笔试考核。它由案例研究口头报告（25%）、含实操扫查（达“advanced beginner”水平，SY/US 及格门槛）与口试 viva voce（≥50%，及格门槛）的临床技能评估（合计 +40%）、形成性的专业对话，以及一场占 35% 的远程监考线上期末考（37 题，120 分钟）共同构成。两项及格门槛都须满足，且计分总成绩须 ≥50% 才能通过。
When each 10162 task is due10162 各项考核时间
Test yourself: 10162 practice questions自测一下：10162 练习题
- Mean sac diameter (MSD)
- Crown rump length (CRL)
- Biparietal diameter (BPD)
- Yolk sac diameter
- 平均孕囊径（MSD）
- 头臀长（CRL）
- 双顶径（BPD）
- 卵黄囊直径
Show answer查看答案
- Cardiac activity is only expected after 12 weeks
- Cardiac activity is routinely expected once the CRL exceeds ~4–5 mm (about 6 weeks)
- CRL cannot be measured below 10 mm
- MSD must be measured first before any heartbeat is expected
- 心搏要到 12 周后才会出现
- 当 CRL 超过约 4–5 mm（约 6 周）时通常应见到心搏
- CRL 低于 10 mm 无法测量
- 必须先测 MSD 才会出现心搏
Show answer查看答案
- Monochorionic gestation
- Dichorionic gestation
- Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
- Monoamniotic gestation
- 单绒毛膜妊娠
- 双绒毛膜妊娠
- 双胎输血综合征
- 单羊膜妊娠
Show answer查看答案
High-value exam questions in 1016210162 高频考点 · 考试风格题
A worked 10162 problem10162 例题
Dating a first-trimester pregnancy: which measurement, and is it viable?为孕早期妊娠估算孕龄：该用哪个测量值，胎儿是否存活？
A patient presents at an estimated 8 weeks by LMP with light PV bleeding and a positive β-hCG. Transvaginal ultrasound shows an intrauterine gestational sac containing a yolk sac and a single embryo with a crown rump length (CRL) of 14 mm. No cardiac activity is initially appreciated. How do you date this pregnancy, and what determines whether you can call it viable?
一位按末次月经（LMP）估计约 8 周的孕妇，伴少量阴道出血、β-hCG 阳性。经阴道超声显示宫内孕囊，内含卵黄囊与单个胚胎，头臀长（CRL）为 14 mm，初次未见明显心搏。你该如何估算孕龄？又凭什么判断能否称其为“存活”？
Once an embryo is visible, CRL — not mean sac diameter (MSD) — is the most accurate dating parameter; measure cephalic edge to rump in a neutral (non-flexed) plane, excluding the yolk sac and limbs, and take at least three measurements. A 14 mm CRL corresponds to roughly 8 weeks, consistent with the LMP. Viability hinges on fetal heart motion: cardiac activity is routinely expected once CRL exceeds ~5 mm (about 6 weeks), so its apparent absence at 14 mm is concerning. Before declaring demise, optimise the image (high-resolution transvaginal probe, slow scan, cine review) to exclude a low heart rate, and correlate with β-hCG — a sac ≥18 mm MSD without an embryo, or an embryo >6 weeks with no heart motion, are major criteria for an abnormal/non-viable gestation. Differential considerations include missed miscarriage versus simply an early, slightly behind-dates viable pregnancy, which may warrant a short-interval review scan rather than an immediate definitive call.
一旦能看到胚胎，头臀长（CRL）——而非平均孕囊径（MSD）——才是最准确的孕龄参数；在中立（非屈曲）平面上从头侧端量到臀部，不要纳入卵黄囊与肢体，并至少测量三次。14 mm 的 CRL 约对应 8 周，与 LMP 一致。是否“存活”取决于胎心搏动：当 CRL 超过约 5 mm（约 6 周）时通常应见到心搏，因此在 14 mm 仍未见心搏值得警惕。在判定胎停育前，应先优化图像（高分辨经阴道探头、慢扫、回放电影模式）以排除心率过低，并结合 β-hCG——孕囊 MSD ≥18 mm 而无胚胎、或胚胎 >6 周而无心搏，都是异常/非存活妊娠的主要判据。鉴别要点包括稽留流产与单纯偏小但仍存活的早孕，后者可考虑短间隔复查而非立即下定论。
10162 glossary10162 术语表
- Crown rump length (CRL)头臀长（CRL）
- The cephalic-edge-to-rump measurement of the embryo; the most accurate dating parameter once an embryo is identified in the first trimester.
- 胚胎头侧端到臀部的测量值；一旦在孕早期识别出胚胎，它就是最准确的孕龄参数。
- Mean sac diameter (MSD)平均孕囊径（MSD）
- The average of the gestational sac's length, width and depth (fluid only); used to date a pregnancy before an embryo is visible.
- 孕囊长、宽、深三径（仅测液体部分）的平均值；在胚胎可见之前用于估算孕龄。
- Nuchal translucency (NT)颈项透明层（NT）
- The thickness of the hypoechoic subcutaneous tissue at the back of the fetal neck at 11–14 weeks; increased thickness raises the risk of chromosomal abnormality.
- 孕 11–14 周胎儿颈后皮下低回声组织的厚度；增厚提示染色体异常风险升高。
- Fetal biometry胎儿生物测量
- Standardised measurements — BPD, HC, AC, FL — used to estimate gestational age, assess growth and calculate estimated fetal weight (EFW).
- 标准化测量——BPD、HC、AC、FL——用于估算孕龄、评估生长并计算胎儿体重（EFW）。
- Chorionicity & amnionicity绒毛膜性与羊膜性
- The number of chorionic (placental) and amniotic membranes in a multiple pregnancy — best determined in the first trimester; it predicts twin morbidity/mortality.
- 多胎妊娠中绒毛膜（胎盘）与羊膜膜的数量——最好在孕早期判断；它决定双胎的发病率与死亡率风险。
- Twin peak (lambda) sign双胎峰（lambda 征）
- A triangular projection of placental tissue into the intertwin membrane, indicating a dichorionic pregnancy; the 'T-sign' instead indicates monochorionicity.
- 胎盘组织呈三角形伸入双胎间隔膜，提示双绒毛膜妊娠；而“T 征”则提示单绒毛膜。
- Placenta praevia前置胎盘
- A placenta that covers the internal cervical os; distinguished from marginal and low-lying placenta and confirmed transvaginally.
- 覆盖宫颈内口的胎盘；需与边缘性、低置胎盘区分，并经阴道确认。
- Ectopic pregnancy异位妊娠
- An extra-uterine gestation (most commonly in the fallopian tube); a leading cause of maternal death, suspected when no intrauterine sac is seen with a positive β-hCG.
- 宫外妊娠（最常见于输卵管）；母体死亡的主要原因之一，当 β-hCG 阳性而宫内未见孕囊时应警惕。
- Gestational trophoblastic disease妊娠滋养细胞疾病
- A spectrum including hydatidiform (complete/partial) mole, marked by abnormal trophoblast proliferation and a very high hCG; classic 'snowstorm' or cystic sonographic appearance.
- 包括葡萄胎（完全性/部分性）在内的一组疾病，以滋养细胞异常增生与极高 hCG 为特征；超声呈典型“暴风雪”样或囊性表现。
- Amniotic fluid index (AFI)羊水指数（AFI）
- A four-quadrant estimate of amniotic fluid volume used to screen for oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios in the third trimester.
- 用四象限法估算羊水量，用于孕晚期筛查羊水过少或羊水过多。
- Obstetric Doppler产科多普勒
- Colour and spectral Doppler of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus to assess placental function and fetal well-being.
- 对脐动脉、大脑中动脉与静脉导管的彩色与频谱多普勒，用于评估胎盘功能与胎儿安危。
- Viva voce口试（viva voce）
- An oral examination where the student is questioned in real time on their clinical reasoning and CSA findings; a hurdle requiring ≥50%.
- 口头考试，考官就学生的临床推理与 CSA 扫查发现实时提问；及格门槛，须达 ≥50%。
- Hurdle requirement及格门槛（hurdle）
- An assessment that must be passed in its own right to pass the unit, regardless of total marks.
- 必须单独通过才能修毕该课的评估项，与总分无关。
- Advanced beginner进阶初学者（advanced beginner）
- The minimum practitioner competence level required in the practical scan, judged by an AMS-accredited sonographer; aligns with the ASAR beginning-practitioner requirement.
- 实操扫查所要求的最低执业能力水平，由 AMS 注册超声师评定；对应 ASAR 对入门执业者的要求。
10162 — common questions10162 常见问题
Does 10162 have a final exam?10162 有期末考吗？
How is 10162 assessed overall?10162 整体怎么考核？
What does the Clinical Skills Assessment involve?临床技能评估具体考什么？
What are the entry requirements for 10162?修读 10162 有什么要求？
How is 10162 delivered and when does it run?10162 怎么上课、什么时候开？
Can AskSia help with 10162 in Chinese?AskSia 能用中文辅导 10162 吗？
Other Canberra course guides堪大 其他课程指南
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