PSYC10003 · Mind, Brain & Behaviour 1PSYC10003 · 心智、大脑与行为 1（心理学导论上）
UniMelb's first-year intro to psychology — neuroscience, perception, learning & research methods, assessed mostly by coursework.墨大心理学第一门导论课 —— 神经科学、感知觉、学习记忆与研究方法，以课程作业为主、期末仅占 50%。PSYC10003 is the foundational half of UniMelb's first-year psychology sequence (with PSYC10004). It runs across four core areas — Learning & Cognition, Behavioural Neuroscience, Sensation & Perception, and Research Methods — taught as 2 lectures/week plus 10 practical classes and 12 self-directed research-methods modules. Assessment is a 100-item, 2-hour multiple-choice exam (50%, ~25 items per area), a team-based oral presentation (10%), an individual 1,200-word written assignment (35%), optional Research Experience Program credit (up to 5%), and an 80% practical-class attendance hurdle. This guide is built from 163 real PSYC10003 course materials in the AskSia Library.
PSYC10003 是墨大一年级心理学序列的上半门（与 PSYC10004 配对），贯穿四大核心板块：学习与认知、行为神经科学、感觉与知觉、研究方法。授课形式为每周 2 节大课，外加 10 次实践课（prac）与 12 个自学的研究方法在线模块。考核为 100 题、2 小时选择题期末（50%，每板块约 25 题）+ 小组口头展示（10%）+ 个人 1200 词书面作业（35%）+ 可选的研究参与项目学分（最多 5%），并设 80% 实践课出勤门槛。本指南基于 AskSia Library 中 163 份真实 PSYC10003 课程材料整理而成。
Built from 163 real PSYC10003 course materials in the AskSia Library.
基于 AskSia Library 中 163 份真实 PSYC10003 课程材料构建。
What PSYC10003 is aboutPSYC10003 讲什么
PSYC10003 Mind, Brain & Behaviour 1 is the University of Melbourne's first-year introduction to psychology, run by the School of Psychological Sciences for a very large cohort (~2,000 students). The lecture stream covers three of the four examinable modules — Learning & Cognition (classical, operant and social-cognitive conditioning, then memory), Behavioural Neuroscience (the history of the field, models of mind, the organisation of the nervous system, neurons and synapses, brain imaging and plasticity), and Sensation & Perception (visual attention, object and scene perception, motion, colour, depth and audition). The fourth module, Research Methods, is delivered as 12 self-directed online modules (constructs and operationalisation, hypotheses, variables and measurement, study design, sampling, ethics, distributions and descriptive statistics, critical thinking) supported by JASP practicals in Weeks 9–10. Students also work in teams toward an oral presentation and write an individual evidence-based assignment. It is a 12.5-point Semester 1 subject at Parkville with no prerequisites, paired with PSYC10004 across the first year, and is the gateway into the accredited psychology major.
PSYC10003《心智、大脑与行为 1》是墨尔本大学心理科学学院为超大班（约 2000 名学生）开设的一年级心理学导论课。大课讲授四个考核模块中的三个 —— 学习与认知（经典条件作用、操作条件作用、社会认知学习，再到记忆）、行为神经科学（学科史、心智模型、神经系统的组织、神经元与突触、脑成像与可塑性）、感觉与知觉（视觉注意、物体与场景知觉、运动、颜色、深度与听觉）。第四个模块「研究方法」以 12 个自学在线模块呈现（构念与操作化、假设、变量与测量、研究设计、抽样、伦理、数据分布与描述统计、批判性思维），并在第 9–10 周用 JASP 软件的实践课配套支持。学生还要以小组形式准备口头展示，并独立撰写一篇循证书面作业。本课为 12.5 学分、第一学期、Parkville 校区，无先修要求，与 PSYC10004 共同构成一年级心理学序列，也是进入受认证心理学专业的门户课。
The PSYC10003 syllabus, topic by topicPSYC10003 大纲 · 逐个主题
Introduction to Mind, Brain & Behaviour (Week 1)心智、大脑与行为导论（第 1 周）
What psychology is and how it studies the mind scientifically: levels of explanation from brain to behaviour, the subject's four core modules, and how the lectures, practicals and self-directed research-methods modules fit together.
心理学是什么、它如何科学地研究心智：从大脑到行为的多层次解释、课程的四大核心模块，以及大课、实践课与自学研究方法模块如何衔接。
Classical & operant conditioning (Learning & Cognition 1)经典条件作用与操作条件作用（学习与认知 1）
Associative learning: Pavlov's classical conditioning (CS, US, CR, UR), Watson's behaviourism, then Skinner's operant conditioning — reinforcement vs punishment, the four schedules of reinforcement (fixed/variable × ratio/interval), shaping and extinction.
联想学习：巴甫洛夫的经典条件作用（CS、US、CR、UR）、华生的行为主义，再到斯金纳的操作条件作用 —— 强化 vs 惩罚、四种强化时间表（固定/可变 × 比率/间隔）、塑造与消退。
Social-cognitive learning (Learning & Cognition 2)社会认知学习（学习与认知 2）
Learning beyond direct reinforcement: observational learning and modelling, the role of cognition and expectancy in learning, and how this bridges behaviourism and the cognitive approach.
超越直接强化的学习：观察学习与示范、认知与预期在学习中的作用，以及它如何在行为主义与认知取向之间架起桥梁。
Memory: sensory, short-term & working memory (Learning & Cognition 3)记忆：感觉记忆、短时记忆与工作记忆（学习与认知 3）
The Atkinson–Shiffrin multi-store model; the duration of short-term memory (Peterson & Peterson forgetting curve, decay vs proactive/retroactive interference) and its capacity (digit span ~7±2, visual change-detection).
Atkinson–Shiffrin 多重存储模型；短时记忆的持续时间（Peterson & Peterson 遗忘曲线、衰退 vs 前摄/倒摄干扰）及其容量（数字广度约 7±2、视觉变化检测）。
Long-term memory & the amnesias (Learning & Cognition 4)长时记忆与遗忘症（学习与认知 4）
The structure of long-term memory — declarative (episodic/semantic) vs non-declarative (procedural, priming) — and what amnesia reveals: anterograde vs retrograde amnesia and patient H.M.'s dissociation between impaired declarative and preserved procedural memory.
长时记忆的结构 —— 陈述性（情景/语义）vs 非陈述性（程序性、启动）—— 以及遗忘症揭示了什么：顺行性 vs 逆行性遗忘，以及患者 H.M. 在受损的陈述性记忆与保留的程序性记忆之间的分离（dissociation）。
Behavioural neuroscience: history & models of mind行为神经科学：学科史与心智模型
Historical and contemporary perspectives on the brain–behaviour link, competing models of the mind (including the brain-as-computer metaphor), and the organisation of the nervous system into central/peripheral divisions.
关于脑—行为关系的历史与当代观点、关于心智的不同模型（包括「大脑即计算机」的隐喻），以及神经系统划分为中枢/外周的组织方式。
Brain anatomy, neurons & synapses脑解剖、神经元与突触
Functional divisions of the brain; the neuron as the unit of the nervous system — the resting and action potential, synaptic transmission and neurotransmitters — the physical machinery behind behaviour.
大脑的功能分区；作为神经系统单元的神经元 —— 静息电位与动作电位、突触传递与神经递质 —— 行为背后的物理机制。
Imaging, modifying the brain & plasticity脑成像、脑干预与可塑性
How neuroscientists measure and intervene on the living brain (structural and functional imaging, stimulation/lesion methods), and neural plasticity and integration — how experience reshapes the brain.
神经科学家如何测量并干预活体大脑（结构与功能成像、刺激/损毁方法），以及神经可塑性与整合 —— 经验如何重塑大脑。
Sensation & perception: attention, objects & scenes感觉与知觉：注意、物体与场景
How attention selects from a rich visual world (change blindness, Rensink et al. 1997), and how the visual system parses objects and scenes — and where perception can be systematically misled.
注意如何从丰富的视觉世界中进行选择（变化盲视、Rensink 等 1997），以及视觉系统如何解析物体与场景 —— 知觉又会在哪里被系统性地误导。
Sensation & perception: motion, colour, depth & audition感觉与知觉：运动、颜色、深度与听觉
Perceiving motion and colour, recovering depth and size from a 2-D retinal image (depth cues, size constancy), and audition — how sound is transduced and localised.
运动与颜色知觉、如何从二维视网膜图像中恢复深度与大小（深度线索、大小恒常性），以及听觉 —— 声音如何被转换与定位。
Research methods & ethics (12 self-directed modules)研究方法与伦理（12 个自学模块）
The fourth examinable module, run online by Dr Chris Groot: constructs and operational definitions, research questions and hypotheses, variables and measurement, study design (descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental, non-experimental), sampling, research ethics, distributions and descriptive statistics, and critical/logical thinking — applied in the Week 9–10 JASP practicals.
第四个考核模块，由 Dr Chris Groot 在线开设：构念与操作定义、研究问题与假设、变量与测量、研究设计（描述、相关、准实验、实验、非实验）、抽样、研究伦理、数据分布与描述统计、批判与逻辑思维 —— 在第 9–10 周用 JASP 的实践课中应用。
How PSYC10003 is assessedPSYC10003 怎么考核
Final exam: Yes期末考试：有| Component考核项 | Weight占比 | Note说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 100-item multiple-choice examination100 题选择题期末考试 | 50% | 2 hours, held in the University examination period. 100 multiple-choice items drawn from lecture and practical content across the four core areas (Learning & Cognition, Behavioural Neuroscience, Sensation & Perception, Research Methods), roughly equally weighted. Entirely multiple-choice — no short-answer or 'show your working'.2 小时，安排在校级考试周。100 道选择题，取自四大核心板块（学习与认知、行为神经科学、感觉与知觉、研究方法）的大课与实践课内容，权重大致均等。全卷为选择题，无简答、无解题步骤。 |
| Assignment 1 — team-based oral presentation作业 1 —— 小组口头展示 | 10% | Delivered in-class during the Week 6 practical; teams submit their PowerPoint slides at least 1 hour before their tutorial. 1,500 words total for the team.在第 6 周的实践课上当堂展示；小组须在辅导课前至少 1 小时提交 PPT 幻灯片。全组合计 1500 词。 |
| Assignment 2 — individual written assignment作业 2 —— 个人书面作业 | 35% | 1,200 words, submitted via Turnitin by 11:59pm at the end of Week 9. An evidence-based written task building a psychological argument; supported by Practical Class 5 and the optional Assessment Literacy Module.1200 词，须在第 9 周末 23:59 前经 Turnitin 提交。一项构建心理学论证的循证书面作业；由第 5 次实践课与可选的「评分素养模块」(ALM) 支持。 |
| Research Experience Program (REP) — optional credit研究参与项目（REP）—— 可选学分 | Up to 5% | Optional: participate in up to 5 hours of real psychology research (1% per hour), OR write a 1,000-word alternative essay for the 5%, OR forgo the marks. Due by Week 12.可选：参与最多 5 小时真实心理学研究（每小时 1%），或撰写一篇 1000 词替代短文换取这 5%，或放弃这部分分数。须在第 12 周前完成。 |
| Practical class attendance hurdle实践课出勤门槛（hurdle） | Hurdle (no marks) | Must attend and contribute to at least 80% of practical classes; up to 2 may be missed without documentation. Failing the hurdle requires extra work (e.g. a 500-word task per missed class) before a passing grade can be awarded.须出席并参与至少 80% 的实践课；无证明情况下最多可缺席 2 次。未达门槛者需完成额外作业（每缺一节约 500 词）才能获得及格成绩。 |
100-item multiple-choice exam 50% + individual written assignment 35% + team-based oral presentation 10% + optional Research Experience Program up to 5%, with an 80% practical-class attendance hurdle. The exam is entirely multiple-choice (2 hours, ~25 items per core area).
100 题选择题期末 50% + 个人书面作业 35% + 小组口头展示 10% + 可选研究参与最多 5%，另设 80% 实践课出勤门槛。期末为 2 小时纯选择题（每个核心板块约 25 题）。
When each PSYC10003 task is duePSYC10003 各项考核时间
Test yourself: PSYC10003 practice questions自测一下：PSYC10003 练习题
- Fixed-ratio (worker) and variable-ratio (gambler)
- Variable-ratio (worker) and fixed-ratio (gambler)
- Fixed-interval (worker) and variable-interval (gambler)
- Fixed-ratio (worker) and variable-interval (gambler)
- 固定比率（工人）与可变比率（赌徒）
- 可变比率（工人）与固定比率（赌徒）
- 固定间隔（工人）与可变间隔（赌徒）
- 固定比率（工人）与可变间隔（赌徒）
Show answer查看答案
- Retroactive interference
- Proactive interference
- Decay of short-term memory
- Anterograde amnesia
- 倒摄干扰（retroactive interference）
- 前摄干扰（proactive interference）
- 短时记忆衰退
- 顺行性遗忘
Show answer查看答案
- A dissociation: impaired declarative memory with preserved non-declarative (procedural) memory
- That declarative and procedural memory are the same system
- Complete retrograde amnesia for his entire life before surgery
- That the hippocampus stores procedural skills
- 一种分离（dissociation）：陈述性记忆受损，但非陈述性（程序性）记忆保留
- 陈述性记忆与程序性记忆是同一个系统
- 对手术前整个人生的完全逆行性遗忘
- 海马负责存储程序性技能
Show answer查看答案
High-value exam questions in PSYC10003PSYC10003 高频考点 · 考试风格题
A worked PSYC10003 problemPSYC10003 例题
Signature MCQ pattern: matching behaviour to a schedule of reinforcement典型选择题：把行为匹配到对应的强化时间表
A classic Learning & Cognition exam item gives you four everyday scenarios and asks which schedule of reinforcement each illustrates: (A) a worker paid a fixed monthly salary; (B) a person who keeps checking their phone for new messages; (C) a gambler playing a poker machine; (D) a factory worker paid per item produced. Classify each as fixed-interval, variable-interval, fixed-ratio or variable-ratio, and say which schedule should produce the highest, most persistent response rate.
一道典型的「学习与认知」考题给你四个日常情境，问每个体现了哪种强化时间表：(A) 领固定月薪的员工；(B) 反复查看手机有没有新消息的人；(C) 玩老虎机的赌徒；(D) 按生产件数计酬的工厂工人。请把每个归类为固定间隔、可变间隔、固定比率或可变比率，并指出哪种时间表应产生最高、最持久的反应率。
Decide two things in order. First, is the reinforcer delivered for a NUMBER of responses (ratio) or after the passage of TIME (interval)? A salary and phone-checking depend on time elapsed → interval; piece-rate pay and a poker machine depend on the count of responses → ratio. Second, is that requirement FIXED or VARIABLE? A monthly salary arrives on a set schedule → fixed-interval (A); messages arrive unpredictably → variable-interval (B); a poker machine pays after an unpredictable number of plays → variable-ratio (C); piece-rate pay comes after a set number of items → fixed-ratio (D). The key exam takeaway: ratio schedules out-pace interval schedules, and VARIABLE schedules produce the steepest, most extinction-resistant responding — which is exactly why variable-ratio (the poker machine) underlies addictive, hard-to-stop behaviour. Distinguishing decay from interference, and proactive from retroactive interference, is the analogous trap in the memory items.
按顺序判断两件事。第一，强化是按反应「次数」给予（比率），还是经过「时间」后给予（间隔）？月薪与查手机取决于时间流逝 → 间隔；计件工资与老虎机取决于反应次数 → 比率。第二，这个要求是「固定」还是「可变」？月薪按固定周期发放 → 固定间隔 (A)；消息不可预测地到来 → 可变间隔 (B)；老虎机在不可预测的次数后才中奖 → 可变比率 (C)；计件工资在固定件数后给付 → 固定比率 (D)。考试要点：比率时间表的反应率高于间隔时间表，而「可变」时间表产生最陡、最抗消退的反应 —— 这正是为何可变比率（老虎机）是成瘾、难以停止行为的基础。在记忆题中，区分衰退 vs 干扰、前摄 vs 倒摄干扰是与之对应的陷阱。
PSYC10003 glossaryPSYC10003 术语表
- Behavioural neuroscience行为神经科学
- The study of how the brain and nervous system give rise to behaviour and mental processes.
- 研究大脑与神经系统如何产生行为与心理过程的学科。
- Sensation vs perception感觉 vs 知觉
- Sensation is the detection of physical stimuli; perception is the brain's organisation and interpretation of them into experience.
- 感觉是对物理刺激的检测；知觉是大脑对这些刺激的组织与解释，形成体验。
- Associative learning联想学习
- Learning that two events go together, as in classical and operant conditioning.
- 学习两个事件之间的关联，如经典条件作用与操作条件作用。
- Encoding vs retrieval编码 vs 提取
- Encoding is getting information into memory; retrieval is accessing it later — failures at each stage look different.
- 编码是将信息存入记忆；提取是之后取出信息 —— 两个阶段的失败表现不同。
- Independent vs dependent variable自变量 vs 因变量
- The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher; the dependent variable is the outcome measured.
- 自变量由研究者操纵；因变量是被测量的结果。
- Correlation vs causation相关 vs 因果
- A correlation shows two variables vary together; it does not by itself establish that one causes the other.
- 相关说明两变量共同变化；但本身并不能确立其中一个导致另一个。
- Literature review文献综述
- A written synthesis and critical evaluation of existing research on a question — the 35% individual task in PSYC10003.
- 对某一问题已有研究的书面综合与批判性评价 —— PSYC10003 中占 35% 的个人作业。
- Research Experience Program (REP)研究参与项目（REP）
- UniMelb scheme where students earn course credit (1% per hour, up to 5%) by participating in psychology research studies.
- 墨大的研究参与计划：学生参与心理学研究即可获学分（每小时 1%，最多 5%）。
- Hurdle requirement门槛要求（hurdle）
- A pass/fail condition (here, 80% practical-class attendance) that must be met to be eligible to pass, separate from your mark.
- 一项及格/不及格的条件（此处为 80% 实践课出勤），必须满足才有及格资格，与具体分数分开计。
- Schedules of reinforcement强化时间表
- Skinner's four partial-reinforcement rules — fixed/variable crossed with ratio/interval — each producing a distinct, predictable pattern of responding; variable-ratio produces the most persistent behaviour.
- 斯金纳的四种部分强化规则 —— 固定/可变 与 比率/间隔 的交叉 —— 每种产生独特且可预测的反应模式；可变比率产生最持久的行为。
- Shaping塑造
- Building a complex behaviour by reinforcing successive approximations to the target behaviour, step by step.
- 通过逐步强化越来越接近目标行为的「逐次逼近」，来塑造出一个复杂行为。
- Extinction消退
- The weakening and disappearance of a learned response when reinforcement is withdrawn; partial reinforcement makes a response more resistant to extinction.
- 当撤除强化时，已习得反应的减弱与消失；部分强化会使反应更抗消退。
- Proactive vs retroactive interference前摄干扰 vs 倒摄干扰
- Proactive interference is when older learning disrupts new memories; retroactive interference is when newer learning disrupts older memories.
- 前摄干扰是旧的学习干扰新记忆；倒摄干扰是新的学习干扰旧记忆。
- Declarative vs non-declarative memory陈述性 vs 非陈述性记忆
- Declarative (explicit) memory is for facts and events (semantic and episodic); non-declarative (implicit) memory includes procedural skills and priming, which can be intact even when declarative memory fails.
- 陈述性（外显）记忆是关于事实与事件的（语义与情景）；非陈述性（内隐）记忆包括程序性技能与启动，即使陈述性记忆受损也可保持完好。
- Anterograde vs retrograde amnesia顺行性 vs 逆行性遗忘
- Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new long-term memories after an event; retrograde amnesia is the loss of memories from before it. Patient H.M. showed severe anterograde amnesia.
- 顺行性遗忘是某事件之后无法形成新的长时记忆；逆行性遗忘是丧失该事件之前的记忆。患者 H.M. 表现出严重的顺行性遗忘。
- Dissociation分离（dissociation）
- A pattern where one ability is impaired while a related one is preserved (e.g. H.M.'s lost declarative but intact procedural memory), used as evidence that two systems are distinct.
- 一种「一项能力受损而另一相关能力保留」的模式（如 H.M. 丧失陈述性记忆但保留程序性记忆），用作两个系统相互独立的证据。
- Change blindness变化盲视
- The failure to notice a large change in a visual scene without focused attention — central to Rensink, O'Regan & Clark (1997), the required Sensation & Perception reading.
- 在缺乏聚焦注意时，察觉不到视觉场景中的大变化 —— 是感觉与知觉必读文献 Rensink、O'Regan & Clark (1997) 的核心。
- Action potential动作电位
- The all-or-none electrical impulse that travels down a neuron's axon to trigger neurotransmitter release at the synapse — the basic signal of the nervous system.
- 沿神经元轴突传导、触发突触处神经递质释放的「全或无」电脉冲 —— 神经系统的基本信号。
- Study design研究设计
- The research strategy behind a study — descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental or non-experimental — which determines what conclusions (especially about causation) are justified.
- 一项研究背后的研究策略 —— 描述、相关、准实验、实验或非实验 —— 它决定了哪些结论（尤其是关于因果的结论）是站得住脚的。
PSYC10003 — common questionsPSYC10003 常见问题
How is PSYC10003 assessed?PSYC10003 怎么考核？
Does PSYC10003 have a final exam?PSYC10003 有期末考吗？
What topics does PSYC10003 cover?PSYC10003 讲什么内容？
What are the prerequisites, and can I take it with PSYC10006?有先修要求吗？能和 PSYC10006 一起修吗？
Is AskSia allowed under University of Melbourne academic integrity policy?墨大的学术诚信政策允许用 AskSia 吗？
Other UniMelb course guides墨大 其他课程指南
AskSia is an independent study aid and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by The University of Melbourne. Course details may change — always confirm against the official handbook. Read about how this guide is built. AskSia 是独立的学习辅助工具，与墨尔本大学没有任何隶属、背书或赞助关系。课程信息可能变动，请始终以官方 handbook 为准。了解本指南的编写方法。