FAH262H1 Art and Visual Experience in Modern and Contemporary East Asia
FAH262H1 Overview
- Fall 2026
- University of Toronto
- Department of Art
- Level 2
- In-person final exam
A course about categories as much as artworks
FAH262H1 asks how the labels “traditional”, “modern” and “contemporary” were produced, perceived and put to use in Japan, China and Korea.
- Assessed by Engagement, six Check-Ins, an in-class midterm reflection, two exhibition assignments and a Final Exam worth 30%.
- Hardest step Turning a description of a work into an argument about the category it was made, shown or judged in.
- How to prepare Learn each week's key terms with dates, then practise one describe, place and argue answer per chapter.
How FAH262H1 is assessed
| Component | Weight | Format |
|---|---|---|
| Engagement | 10% | Reading annotations and in-class or online exercises at 0.5% each |
| Check-Ins | 15% | Six check-ins at 2.5% each, in class and online |
| Midterm Review & Reflection | 15% | In class on October 23 |
| Exhibition Catalogue Report | 15% | About 1,250 to 1,500 words in pairs or groups; due November 6 |
| Exhibition Proposal or Object Acquisition Report | 15% | Due December 7 |
| Final Exam | 30% | In person in the December 10 to 22 exam period; date TBA |
The six components in the Fall 2026 syllabus marking scheme total 100%, and the term calendar repeats each weight. Engagement is built from conceptual reading annotations (2.5%), primary reading annotations (3%) and exercises (4.5%). The final assignment appears under three names in course documents: Exhibition Proposal or Object Acquisition Report in the marking scheme, Exhibition Proposal or Object Report in the term calendar, and Exhibition Proposal OR Object Acquisition Proposal on Quercus. Each deadline has a two-day grace period, and the Final Exam date and location are announced later on Quercus.
Assessment structure
Segment widths follow the six published weights in syllabus order: Engagement, Check-Ins, Midterm Review & Reflection, the two exhibition assignments and the Final Exam. They total 100%.
Current FAH262H1 dates
| Date | Item | Control |
|---|---|---|
| October 23, 2026 | Midterm Review & Reflection | In class, Week 7; 15%. |
| October 26 to 30, 2026 | Reading Week | No class between Weeks 7 and 8. |
| November 6, 2026 | Exhibition Catalogue Report | Due 11:59 p.m.; grace period to November 8. |
| December 7, 2026 | Exhibition Proposal or Object Acquisition Report | Accepted through December 9. |
| December 10 to 22, 2026 | Final Exam | In person; date and location TBA. |
Dates are as published in the Fall 2026 syllabus marking scheme, late work section and term calendar. Confirm exact deadlines and submission settings in the live LMS.
What FAH262H1 covers
Twelve chapters follow the Fall 2026 weeks: Japan from the World's Fairs to the Taisho avant-garde, then China and Korea from the Ming-Qing courts to colonial cities, war, the Cold War and experimental art.
World's Fairs, Fine Art and Craft
Vienna 1873, the domestic expositions and how bijutsu, kogei and industry were separatedWhy the course begins at a World's Fair
The first week sets the problem that the rest of the course keeps returning to.
- The Vienna World's Fair of 1873 and its preparations
- The 1872 Yushima Seido exposition and the national museum
- Bijutsu and kogei as exposition categories
- Framing screens and scrolls at Chicago in 1893
- Calligraphy removed from fine art in 1890
- The 1900 Paris rules and the separation of craft
The Arts and Society of Edo Japan
Status, patronage and the Kano, Tosa, Rinpa, literati, Maruyama and Dutch-style schoolsA baseline before Meiji
Week 2 looks backward on purpose. Its stated objective is to give students a working picture of Edo-period visual art so that the social and artistic changes of the Meiji years can be measured against it.
- Edo period dates: 1603 or 1615 to 1868
- The four-tier status order and the chonin
- Alternate attendance and the growth of Edo
- Patronage beyond court, shogunate and temples
- Kara-e, yamato-e and the six painting lineages
- Nagasaki, Dutch learning and Akita Ranga
Japanese Prints and Japonisme
Ukiyo-e genres, enlightenment pictures and the making of Hokusai's reputation in EuropeThree parts in one week
Week 3 moves from Edo print culture to Meiji Tokyo and then to Paris.
- Screech's floating world and the Yoshiwara
- Key-term print genres from actor pictures to optic-device pictures
- Enlightenment pictures and Kobayashi Kiyochika
- First Western encounters with Japanese prints, 1856 to 1867
- Burty, Duret and Gonse make Hokusai a master
- Inaga's three corrections: composition, line and colour
Yoga and Nihonga in Meiji Japan
Shiba Kokan, Western-style oil painting, Fenollosa, Okakura and the formation of the neotraditionalReadings and texts for the week
Week 4 pairs two chapters from the volume Since Meiji.
- Technical Fine Arts School, 1876 to 1883
- Fenollosa's 1882 lecture and the Kanga-kai
- Tokyo School of Fine Arts and the Japan Art Institute
- Yamanashi's four stages of Western-style painting
- Kuroda Seiki, the nude and the Hakubakai
- The Bunten and its three divisions
Self-Expression from Meiji to Taisho
Shirakaba and Rodin, Green Sun, the exhibitionary complex and creative versus revival printsTwo titles for the same week
Week 5 carries two names. The syllabus heading reads Self and Expression, Meiji to Taisho (1912 to 1926), while the term calendar and the course site use Authority and Autonomy.
- Exhibition societies from 1889 to 1918
- The Bunten as a state salon
- Shirakaba magazine and its exhibitions
- Rodin's gift of three bronzes in 1911
- Takamura Kotaro's Green Sun as reported in the readings
- Creative prints and revival prints compared
Taisho Avant-Garde and Commercial Art
Mavo, proletarian art, commercial art and Barthes on the rhetoric of the imageA second generation of individualists
Week 6 picks up where the Shirakaba story stopped.
- Individualism from Shirakaba to Mavo
- Murayama Tomoyoshi and conscious constructivism
- Mavo after the 1923 earthquake: barracks and cafes
- Sanka and protests against the Nikakai
- From avant-garde to proletarian art
- Class and nation in proletarian art
Jesuits in Beijing and Korean Chaekgeori
Scopic frames, literati and court painting, Castiglione and the books-and-things screens of Choson KoreaWhere Week 7 sits in the term
The seventh week turns from Japan to Ming-Qing China and Joseon Korea, and it begins with the in-class Midterm Review and Reflection, worth 15 percent, before the new material starts.
- Min Qiji's 1640 illustrations as scopic frames
- Binocular and monocular vision in late-Ming China
- Jesuit prints, telescopes and lanterns between China and Europe
- Dong Qichang's Southern and Northern schools
- Ming loyalists, the Four Wangs and the Yangzhou eccentrics
- Castiglione and trompe l'oeil at the Qing court
Late Qing China and Early Colonial Korea
The Shanghai School, Ko Hui-dong's self-portraits, Cai Yuanpei and Japan's impact on Republican artThe span of Week 8
The syllabus titles the week Late-Qing to Early Republican China and Early Colonial Korea and dates it from about 1842 to about 1926. The key-term list fixes the Chinese side with the late Qing, about 1842 to 1911, closed by the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, followed by a Qing-Republican transition.
- Late Qing China and the Xinhai Revolution of 1911
- The Shanghai School and the Lingnan School
- Ko Hui-dong's three self-portraits
- Oil painting as a yardstick of modernity
- Cai Yuanpei and aesthetic education
- Japanese models for Chinese art education and art history
Modern Girls and Interwar Cities
The Takarazuka Revue, the Modern Girl and the New Life Movement in Tokyo, Shanghai and SeoulA week built around three cities
The syllabus titles Week 9 Cities and Sensations and sets it in interwar Tokyo, Shanghai and Seoul, about 1926 to 1937. The assigned readings are Jennifer Robertson on Japan's all-female Takarazuka Revue and the push for a state theatre, and Hsiao-pei Yen on how China's New Life campaign targeted the Modern Girl, published in 1991 and 2005. Joan Kee's essay on modern art in late colonial Korea is listed as optional and supplies the Seoul material.
- Interwar Tokyo, Shanghai and Seoul, about 1926 to 1937
- The moga and the Takarazuka Revue
- Kobayashi Ichizo and the state theatre movement
- The New Life Movement of 1934 and its dress codes
- Linglong and women's replies to the bans
- Modern girl and new woman in colonial Seoul
Painting, Politics and War
Wartime painting, Matsumoto Shunsuke's reply to the state and Mao's Yan'an TalksTwo start dates for one week
The syllabus schedule sets Week 10 at about 1931 to 1945, but the term calendar in the same document gives 1937 to 1945. Both are defensible.
- The Manchurian Incident, Manchukuo and the war in China
- State control of art through schools, salons and supplies
- The 1935 Teiten reorganisation
- The Army Information Section roundtable in Mizue, 1941
- Matsumoto Shunsuke's essay The Living Artist
- War painting and the Army Art Association
Postwar and Cold War Art
The realism debate, the Gutai Manifesto, inscription in Maoist art and Korean art and politicsA week framed by war and division
Week 11 of FAH262H1 runs from about 1945 to 1976 and treats Japan, the two Chinas and the two Koreas together.
- The Japanese realism debate, 1946 to 1950
- Social realism, modernist realism and avant-garde realism
- Social Realism versus Socialist Realism
- Gutai and the 1956 manifesto
- Inscription on, in and behind Chinese pictures
- New Year pictures and propaganda pictures in 1975
Modern and Contemporary Art after 1976
Body-based art in Japan, Chinese experimental art and Korean art of the 1990s and 2000sThe last week of the course
Week 12 covers about 1976 to 2001 under the heading of “modern” and “contemporary”, and all three listed readings are optional references.
- Wu Hung's five realms of post-1976 Chinese art
- Four phases of Chinese experimental art, 1979 to 1999
- Cynical realism and political pop after 1989
- Bodily transformation and performance in Japanese art
- Neo-pop versus self-contained pop
- Biennales, pavilions and alternative spaces in South Korea
The pivot is the nineteenth to early twentieth century, set inside a longer frame that begins in the seventeenth century and reaches the present. The syllabus gives particular weight to the European category of fine art, formulated in Japan as bijutsu for the World’s Fairs and separated from kogei, craft, then adopted into Chinese as meishu and Korean as misul.
Following those words as they travel is the thread that ties twelve weeks together.
The words moved alongside power. The course traces their spread with Japan’s rise as an imperial power and asks how they reshaped discourses, practices and institutions across the region.
Recurring themes include the social role of the artist, colonialism both European and East Asian, nation-building, social change, and the reformist visual frameworks that reshaped ideas of class, gender, ethnicity and respectability.
The final weeks reach postwar Anti-Art and Non-Art, contemporary artists and biennales, and East Asia’s entry into the global art market.
How the twelve weeks are arranged
Weeks 1 to 6 stay mostly in Japan: the World’s Fairs and the coining of fine art, Edo society and its painting schools, woodblock prints and Japonisme, the split between yoga and nihonga, the Taisho turn to self-expression, and the avant-garde of Mavo alongside the new field of commercial art.
The Midterm Review & Reflection in Week 7 closes that block. Weeks 7 to 9 widen the lens to Ming-Qing China and Choson Korea, the late Qing and early Republican art worlds, colonial Korea, and the interwar cities of Tokyo, Shanghai and Seoul.
Weeks 10 to 12 follow painting under wartime states, the postwar and Cold War split of Japan, China and Korea, and the relation between modern and contemporary art up to 2001.
What the readings ask of you
Each week pairs historical scholarship with either a conceptual reading or a primary text in translation.
The conceptual readings, by Tony Bennett, John Clark, Roland Barthes, Lambros Malafouris and Takashi Murakami, are described in the syllabus as intentionally challenging.
The primary texts run from Shiba Kokan in 1799 to the Gutai Manifesto of 1956. Both kinds are annotated for credit, and the annotation guidance rewards honest engagement: highlight key terms, ask questions, note confusion and connect the reading to images and other weeks. Polished summaries that show little personal engagement can lose credit.
How this guide is built
Each chapter follows one week.
It sets out the week’s argument, defines the terms from the posted key-term list, and then works one object, text or exhibition the way an answer should: describe what is visible, place it in its period and venue, and say what it shows about the categories the course tracks.
The front matter reproduces the marking scheme and maps the sample final exam aid sheet against the chapters; the closing pages give mixed identification practice and an exam-morning checklist.
Where the sources disagree
A few dates differ between course documents.
The syllabus dates the formulation of bijutsu to 1872, while the Week 1 craft reading dates the coinage to 1871; the sample aid sheet places Mao’s Yan’an Talks in 1942, while the syllabus reading list dates the text 1943. This guide shows both readings with their source rather than choosing silently, and you should do the same in written work.
Worked example · free
Read an exhibition catalogue for its curatorial argument
- 2Identify the curators, the institution, the venue and the date, and state the organising concept in one sentence taken from the introductory essay.
- 3Describe which objects are foregrounded and which serve as context, and connect that distribution to the stated aims, for example whether export crafts are presented as fine art.
- 3Relate the framing to the institution and the moment, then note at least one review and where it agrees or differs.
Key terms
- Bijutsu
- The Japanese word for fine art, formulated for participation in the World's Fairs and later taken into Chinese as meishu and Korean as misul.
- Kogei
- The Japanese term for craft; in the early 1870s it covered making in general before exposition rules ranked it below fine art.
- Japonisme
- The French name for Western artists' and collectors' enthusiasm for Japanese art and design, fed by export wares shown at the international fairs.
- Ukiyo-e
- Pictures of the floating world: the Edo-period print genre whose subjects included actor pictures, pictures of beauties and famous place pictures.
- Yoga
- Western-style painting in Japan, chiefly oil on canvas, taught from the Meiji period onward.
- Nihonga
- Japanese-style painting: the Meiji-era name given to painting based on traditional materials and methods once yoga existed.
- Sosaku Hanga
- Creative prints: woodblock prints designed, carved and printed by the artist as a personal expression.
- Shin Hanga
- Revival prints, literally new prints: designs made through the draftsman, cutter and printer system under a controlling publisher for domestic and foreign buyers.
- Chaekgeori
- Korean painting of books and things in which the objects a patron chose signalled learning, wealth, rank and private wishes.
- Guohua
- National painting: the Chinese neologism in use from the 1920s for painting in traditional media, now usually translated as traditional Chinese painting.
- Gutai
- The postwar Japanese art group founded by Yoshihara Jiro, known for body-based action art and its 1956 manifesto.
- Minjung Misul
- People's art: the term, first used in 1983, for art made to serve the minjung movement for social and political change in South Korea.
FAH262H1 FAQ
How is the grade split in this East Asian art course?
The syllabus gives Engagement 10%, six Check-Ins 15%, the in-class Midterm Review and Reflection 15%, the Exhibition Catalogue Report 15%, the final exhibition or object assignment 15%, and an in-person Final Exam 30%.
When and where is the final exam held?
It is written in person during the December 10 to 22 examination period. The date and location are listed as TBA in the syllabus and on Quercus, so check Quercus for the announcement.
What does the Exhibition Catalogue Report involve?
Groups of two to four choose a catalogue, analyse its curatorial framing through the introductory essay and the objects, reflect on inclusions and omissions, and where possible survey reviews, in roughly 1,250 to 1,500 words.
How are reading annotations graded?
Each annotation is worth 0.5% for a good-faith effort to engage with a substantial part of the reading in your own voice. Rough notes, questions and admitted confusion count; polished summaries with little personal engagement may not.
Why does the difference between fine art and craft matter so much?
Exposition rules from Vienna to Paris ranked fine art above craft, so the boundary decided which Japanese objects won prestige, how makers were credited, and later how China and Korea named their own art.
What separates yoga from nihonga?
Yoga named Western-style oil painting; nihonga was coined afterwards for painting in traditional materials. Both names belong to Meiji, so neither is simply older or more authentic than the other.
What happens if an assignment is late?
Each deadline has a two-day grace period, usually to the following Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Work submitted after the grace period without a prior arrangement with the instructor receives a grade of zero.
Questions students ask in each FAH262H1 chapter
- When was the word bijutsu first used for fine art?
- The syllabus says 1872, in connection with the World's Fairs. Ajioka's reading, drawing on Kitazawa Noriaki, puts the coinage in 1871 during preparations for Vienna. Cite the source with the date. Chapter 01 · World's Fairs, Fine Art and Craft
- What did Hiraga Gennai build with Dutch learning?
- Static electricity machines copied from Dutch models. A 1787 woodblock book, A Miscellany of Dutch Studies, illustrated by Keisai Masayoshi, Shiba Kokan and others, shows one treating a patient; Guth notes the medical use failed. Chapter 02 · The Arts and Society of Edo Japan
- Who first used the word Japonisme?
- Floyd credits Philippe Burty, a French critic, collector and printmaker, writing in 1872. He meant a new artistic, historical and ethnographic field covering Japanese-style objects, paintings of Japanese scenes and Western work shaped by Japanese aesthetics. Chapter 03 · Japanese Prints and Japonisme
- Why did Kuroda Seiki insist on drawing from the nude?
- For the large history compositions he admired in Paris he wanted figures free of period dress, so they could stand for lasting values. In 1896 he added sketching from live nude models at the Tokyo school and in the Hakubakai. Chapter 04 · Yoga and Nihonga in Meiji Japan
- Why did the Shirakaba group send ukiyo-e prints to Rodin?
- In 1911 the members pooled savings to buy thirty prints, including works by Hokusai, Utamaro and Hiroshige. Schoneveld reads the choice as a shrewd appeal to Rodin's romantic image of old Japan, shaped by Japonisme; he replied with bronzes and asked for a Tokyo show of his drawings. Chapter 05 · Self-Expression from Meiji to Taisho
- How did Mavo protest against the Nika exhibition?
- When the jury rejected all of the group's entries, Mavo set up an open-air show of rejected works in Ueno Park outside the exhibition hall, alerted the press and planned a band-led procession to Shinbashi, which police stopped. Chapter 06 · Taisho Avant-Garde and Commercial Art
- Why did Min Qiji draw a romance inside fans, bowls and lanterns?
- Purtle argues the frames show how late-Ming viewers saw moving and projected images. Eighteen of the twenty prints use such objects, from a handscroll to a zoetropic lantern, at a time when telescopes had already reached the court. Chapter 07 · Jesuits in Beijing and Korean Chaekgeori
- Who was the first Korean to paint in oils?
- Ko Hui-dong is usually named, for self-portraits from his Tokyo years. Kee notes that some historians point to Chi Un-yong, who studied oil painting in Shanghai, and Yi Chong-ch'an, who trained in the United States. Chapter 08 · Late Qing China and Early Colonial Korea
- Why was Takarazuka linked to the modern girl in 1930s Japan?
- Robertson notes that moga were fans of the revue and that the press sometimes called its actors moga. Its 3,000-seat Tokyo theatre opened on New Year's Day 1934, the largest theatre in the city. Chapter 09 · Modern Girls and Interwar Cities
- Why did the Japanese army attack abstract and Surrealist painting?
- The officers linked abstraction with rootless cosmopolitanism and mental illness, echoing Nazi talk of degenerate art. They held up healthy nudes and narrative realism as models, and said art for the nation was no luxury in wartime. Chapter 10 · Painting, Politics and War
- What is the difference between social realism and socialist realism in postwar Japan?
- In Jesty's account, social realism names one Japanese camp, led by Hayashi Fumio and Nagai Kiyoshi, that judged art by its effect on ordinary viewers. The Communist Party's slogan of democratic realism was partly meant to separate its position from Soviet socialist realism. Chapter 11 · Postwar and Cold War Art
- What were the Stars exhibitions in Beijing?
- Wu Hung presents them as the start of unofficial art after the Cultural Revolution. Most members lacked formal training; the first show was closed by police, but the third, in 1980, was held inside the National Art Gallery itself. Chapter 12 · Modern and Contemporary Art after 1976
How to study for the exam
Each week, learn the posted key terms with dates and one image for each, annotate the reading in your own words, then write a short describe, place and argue paragraph on one work. Before the exam, rebuild the three country timelines from memory and attach every name on the aid sheet to a chapter.