MECM90002

MECM90002 · Global Data Policy & GovernanceMECM90002 · 全球数据政策与治理

A graduate media-policy subject — assessed 100% by coursework (essay + oral + case study), no final exam.墨大研究生媒体/数据政策课 · 100% 平时作业评估（论文 + 口头报告 + 案例研究），无期末考试。

MECM90002 examines how global media and data are governed — the instruments, bodies and politics that set standards across borders. This page is built from 70 real MECM90002 course materials in the AskSia Library, and explains what the subject actually covers and how it is really assessed, grounded in the University of Melbourne Handbook. Open Sia when you want to work through a specific policy case or essay argument.

MECM90002 研究全球媒体与数据如何被治理——跨国设定标准的制度、机构与政治博弈。本页基于 AskSia Library 中的 70 份 MECM90002 真实课程材料，并结合墨尔本大学官方 Handbook，说明这门课真正讲什么、真正怎么考。想推敲某个政策案例或论文论点时，打开 Sia。

Built from 70 real MECM90002 course materials in the AskSia Library.

由同学在 AskSia Library 中的 70 份真实 MECM90002 课程材料构建而成。

Faculty院系School of Culture and Communication, Faculty of ArtsLevel层级Graduate / Postgraduate (coursework)Credit学分12.5 ptsSemester学期2026 Semester 1Prereq先修None (admission to the Master of Global Media Communication or a related graduate program; see handbook eligibility)Campus校区Parkville
📚 AskSia Library data·70 AskSia Library resources·9 topics·100% coursework, no exam: argumentative essay 50% (2,500w, due ~Week 6/7) + oral policy pitch 25% (3 min / 3 slides, Weeks 10–11) + written case study 25% (1,500w, post-teaching).Built from 70 real MECM90002 course materials (Subject Outline, all 12 week pages, Lectures 1–10, Seminar 1, Tutorials 2–9, AI/extension policies and three exemplar student essays) in the AskSia Library. This subject has no exam, so the practice below is essay- and policy-pitch-shaped, not exam-paper-shaped.
📚 AskSia Library 数据·70 份 AskSia Library 资料·9 个主题·100% 平时作业、无考试：论证性论文 50%（2,500 字，约第 6/7 周）+ 口头政策提案 25%（3 分钟 / 3 张幻灯片，第 10–11 周）+ 书面案例研究 25%（1,500 字，授课结束后提交）。由 AskSia Library 中 70 份真实 MECM90002 课程材料（Subject Outline、全部 12 周页面、Lecture 1–10、Seminar 1、Tutorial 2–9、AI/延期政策及三篇范文论文）构建。本课没有考试，因此下方练习按论文与政策提案的形式设计，而非按考卷形式。
Overview课程概览

What MECM90002 is aboutMECM90002 讲什么

MECM90002 Global Data Policy & Governance (formerly Global Media Policy & Governance) is a graduate subject in the University of Melbourne's School of Culture and Communication, offered within the Master of Global Media Communication. It surveys the major instruments that govern global media and data — standards, trade rules and regulation — and the processes through which bodies such as the ITU, WTO and UNESCO devise them. Students engage critically with issues including spectrum allocation, platform and content regulation, 'fake news' and intellectual property, cultural-heritage protection and AI ethics, and practise designing workable policy documents. Assessment is 100% coursework: an essay, an oral presentation and a written case study — there is no final exam.

MECM90002《全球数据政策与治理》（原名 Global Media Policy & Governance）是墨尔本大学文化与传播学院的研究生课程，隶属 Master of Global Media Communication 项目。课程梳理治理全球媒体与数据的主要制度——标准、贸易规则与监管——以及 ITU、WTO、UNESCO 等机构制定这些规则的过程。学生需批判性地分析频谱分配、平台与内容监管、“假新闻”与知识产权、文化遗产保护、AI 伦理等议题，并练习撰写可操作的政策文件。考核为 100% 平时作业：一篇论文、一次口头报告、一份书面案例研究——没有期末考试。

Topic map知识地图

The MECM90002 syllabus, topic by topicMECM90002 大纲 · 逐个主题

1

Global media governance: instruments & bodies全球媒体治理：制度与机构

The architecture of global media governance — treaties, standards and the bodies that devise and enforce them, spanning old institutions (the ITU, founded as the International Telegraph Union in Paris in 1865) and new ones (ICANN, 1998), alongside the WTO's downstream influence, UN organs and NGOs. The subject (coordinator Dr Sofya Glazunova) frames the whole field through the distinction between formal state government and distributed, multi-actor governance, and treats 'jurisdiction' and 'sovereignty' as THE two key tools now strained by borderless data.

全球媒体治理的整体架构——条约、标准，以及制定并执行它们的机构，既有老牌机构（ITU，前身为 1865 年在巴黎成立的国际电报联盟），也有新机构（ICANN，1998），并叠加 WTO 的下游影响、联合国机构与 NGO。本课（课程协调人 Dr Sofya Glazunova）以「国家政府」与分布式、多主体「治理」之别贯穿全程，并把「司法管辖权（jurisdiction）」与「主权（sovereignty）」视为如今被无国界数据冲击的两大核心工具。

2

Trade, standards & cross-border media regulation贸易、标准与跨境媒体监管

How trade rules and technical standards shape what media can cross borders, and the criteria used to design and apply governance in global media industries.

贸易规则与技术标准如何决定媒体内容的跨境流动，以及全球媒体产业治理在设计与适用中所依据的标准。

3

Spectrum allocation & infrastructure governance频谱分配与基础设施治理

Allocation of radio spectrum and the governance of the physical and network infrastructure that underpins global communication.

无线电频谱的分配，以及支撑全球通信的物理与网络基础设施的治理。

4

Platform & content regulation平台与内容监管

Regulating digital platforms and online content where a handful of 'data monopolies' wield gatekeeper power — intermediary liability, content-moderation duties and competing national approaches (self-regulation vs hard state law vs co-regulation). Worked through real cases the course uses: the EU Digital Markets Act (2024) designating Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta and Microsoft as 'gatekeepers'; Rohingya v Facebook (2021) over hate speech tied to the 2017 Myanmar violence; Australia's News Media Bargaining Code (2021); and the UK's 'duty of care' Online Safety Act (2023).

在少数「数据垄断」巨头掌握守门人权力的背景下，对数字平台与在线内容进行监管——中介责任、内容审核义务，以及相互竞争的监管路径（自我监管 vs 国家硬性立法 vs 共同监管）。课程使用的真实案例包括：欧盟《数字市场法》（DMA，2024）将 Alphabet、Amazon、Apple、ByteDance、Meta、Microsoft 认定为「守门人」；Rohingya 诉 Facebook（2021），涉 2017 缅甸暴力事件相关仇恨言论；澳大利亚《新闻媒体议价准则》（2021）；以及英国以「注意义务（duty of care）」为核心的《在线安全法》（2023）。

5

'Fake news', disinformation & content policy'假新闻'、虚假信息与内容政策

Policy responses to disinformation and 'fake news', and the tension between content control and freedom of expression.

针对虚假信息与“假新闻”的政策应对，以及内容管控与言论自由之间的张力。

6

Intellectual property in global media全球媒体中的知识产权

Copyright, IP regimes and trade agreements as they govern the global circulation of media and data.

版权、知识产权制度与贸易协定，如何治理媒体与数据的全球流通。

7

Cultural heritage & diversity protection文化遗产与多样性保护

Instruments protecting cultural heritage and cultural diversity, including UNESCO conventions, against pressures of global trade.

保护文化遗产与文化多样性的制度（含 UNESCO 公约），如何在全球贸易压力下发挥作用。

8

Data governance & AI ethics数据治理与 AI 伦理

Emerging governance of data and AI in what the subject calls a 'fluid' data ecology — where data lives on servers anywhere, moves constantly across borders and breaks the old nation-bounded model of regulation. Covers privacy and the EU 'data subject' (GDPR), data localisation and data sovereignty (national, individual and Indigenous), and the first intergovernmental and statutory AI standards the course studies: the OECD AI Principles (2019, updated 2024) and the EU AI Act (2024) with its risk tiers and ban on social scoring.

在本课所称「流动的」数据生态中，数据与 AI 治理的新兴议题——数据可存放在世界任何地方的服务器、不断跨境流动，从而打破以国家边界为限的旧监管模式。内容涵盖隐私与欧盟「数据主体（data subject）」（GDPR）、数据本地化与数据主权（国家、个人与原住民三层），以及本课研究的首批政府间与立法层面 AI 标准：OECD《人工智能原则》（2019，2024 更新）与欧盟《人工智能法案》（2024，含风险分级与禁止社会评分）。

9

Designing workable policy documents撰写可操作的政策文件

The practical craft of identifying, critically engaging with and drafting policy documents for global media governance bodies.

实务技能：识别、批判性分析并为全球媒体治理机构起草可操作的政策文件。

Assessment考核方式

How MECM90002 is assessedMECM90002 怎么考核

Final exam: No期末考试：无
Component考核项 Weight占比 Note说明
Essay (2,500 words)论文（2,500 字） 50% Due mid-semester. The single largest piece — a researched, argued policy essay.学期中提交。占比最大的一项——一篇有研究、有论证的政策论文。
Oral presentation (1,000 words equivalent)口头报告（约合 1,000 字） 25% Due around Week 11. Tests the ability to present policy ideas verbally to academic conventions.约第 11 周进行。考查按学术规范口头呈现政策观点的能力。
Written case study (1,500 words)书面案例研究（1,500 字） 25% Submitted during the examination period (a take-home written task, NOT a sit-down exam).在考试周内提交（一份带回家完成的书面作业，并非现场闭卷考试）。

100% coursework — no final exam. Essay 50% + oral presentation 25% + written case study 25%. Hurdles: minimum 80% tutorial attendance and submission of all pieces; late penalty 5% per day.

100% 平时作业 · 无期末考试。论文 50% + 口头报告 25% + 书面案例研究 25%。过关要求（hurdle）：tutorial 出勤不低于 80%、所有作业均须提交；逾期每天扣 5%。

Assessment timeline考核时间线

When each MECM90002 task is dueMECM90002 各项考核时间

Tutorial/seminar participation (80% attendance hurdle)Tutorial/seminar 参与（80% 出勤过关要求）
Weeks 1–12 (continuous)第 1–12 周（持续）
hurdle
Argumentative essay (2,500 words) — choose 1 of 3 set questions论证性论文（2,500 字）——三选一命题
Due ~Week 6/7 (19 April 2026)约第 6/7 周提交（2026 年 4 月 19 日）
50%
Oral presentation — policymaker pitch (3 min / 3 slides)口头报告——政策制定者提案（3 分钟 / 3 张幻灯片）
Slides by 10 May; presented Weeks 10–115 月 10 日前交幻灯片；第 10–11 周展示
25%
Written case study (1,500 words) — develops the A2 intervention书面案例研究（1,500 字）——延展 A2 的干预方案
Post-teaching (7 June 2026)授课结束后提交（2026 年 6 月 7 日）
25%
Self-test自测练习

Test yourself: MECM90002 practice questions自测一下：MECM90002 练习题

Question 1第 1 题
The course's signature concept is the 'fluid' data ecology. What does it claim makes today's data fundamentally harder to govern than old broadcast media?本课的标志性概念是「流动的」数据生态。它认为相比旧的广播媒体，今天的数据为何在治理上根本性地更难？
  1. Data lives on servers anywhere and constantly moves across borders, so it is unclear where it is stored or who can access it
  2. Data is broadcast on a fixed frequency that only one national regulator can license
  3. Data is owned outright by the user under a single global copyright treaty
  4. Data can only be stored inside the country where it was created
  1. 数据可存放于世界任意地点的服务器并不断跨境流动，因而难以确定它存储在哪里、谁能访问它
  2. 数据以固定频率广播，只能由一个国家监管机构发放牌照
  3. 数据在单一的全球版权条约下完全归用户所有
  4. 数据只能存储在其生成所在的国家之内
Show answer查看答案
Answer: A. Data lives on servers anywhere and constantly moves across borders, so it is unclear where it is stored or who can access itUnlike territorially-anchored broadcast media, the 'fluid' data ecology means data sits on servers anywhere, moves continuously across borders, and breaks the nation-bounded model regulation assumes — this is the root challenge the subject builds on. Option D describes data localisation (one policy RESPONSE to fluidity), not the concept itself.
答案：A. 数据可存放于世界任意地点的服务器并不断跨境流动，因而难以确定它存储在哪里、谁能访问它与被领土锚定的广播媒体不同，「流动的」数据生态意味着数据存于任意服务器、不断跨境流动，从而打破监管所预设的以国界为限的模式——这是全课的根本切入点。选项 D 描述的是数据本地化（针对流动性的一种政策「应对」），而非该概念本身。
Question 2第 2 题
MECM90002 teaches data/digital sovereignty as a plural, contested concept (Couture & Toupin). Which of these is the Indigenous form of data sovereignty used in the subject?MECM90002 把数据/数字主权当作多元、有争议的概念来教（Couture & Toupin）。以下哪一项是课程使用的「原住民」数据主权形态？
  1. The Māori Te Mana Raraunga claim — peoples' right to own, control and access data deriving from them
  2. China's 2017 Cybersecurity Law data-localisation mandate
  3. The EU's GDPR concept of the 'data subject'
  4. Mark Zuckerberg's notion of 'platform sovereignty'
  1. 毛利人 Te Mana Raraunga 主张——民族对源自自身的数据享有拥有、控制与访问的权利
  2. 中国 2017 年《网络安全法》的数据本地化要求
  3. 欧盟 GDPR 中「数据主体」的概念
  4. 马克·扎克伯格提出的「平台主权」概念
Show answer查看答案
Answer: A. The Māori Te Mana Raraunga claim — peoples' right to own, control and access data deriving from themThe subject stresses sovereignty is plural: national (e.g. China's localisation), subjective/individual (e.g. Estonia's Digital ID, the EU 'data subject'), platform (Zuckerberg) AND Indigenous — the Māori Te Mana Raraunga 'data warriors' being the taught example of Indigenous data sovereignty. The others are real, but are different sub-types.
答案：A. 毛利人 Te Mana Raraunga 主张——民族对源自自身的数据享有拥有、控制与访问的权利课程强调主权是多元的：国家层（如中国本地化）、个人/主体层（如爱沙尼亚数字身份、欧盟「数据主体」）、平台层（扎克伯格），以及原住民层——毛利人 Te Mana Raraunga「数据守护者」即课程所用的原住民数据主权范例。其余选项都真实存在，但属不同子类。
Question 3第 3 题
The A1 essay asks you to pick ONE of three set questions and build an ARGUMENT. A marker's most common complaint is that students stay too broad. What does the subject reward instead?A1 论文要求你从三道命题中任选其一并构建一个「论证」。评分者最常见的批评是学生写得过于宽泛。课程反而奖励什么？
  1. Narrowing the huge global debate to one sharp, evidence-backed claim (e.g. one country, one rationale) and triangulating with comparative cases
  2. Summarising every country's digital policy described in the lectures
  3. Listing as many laws (GDPR, DMA, AI Act, DSA) as possible without taking a position
  4. Reflecting personally on how the topic made you feel
  1. 把宏大的全球辩论收窄为一个尖锐、有证据支撑的论点（如一个国家、一个理由），并用比较案例做三角印证
  2. 概括讲座中描述过的每个国家的数字政策
  3. 尽可能多地罗列法律（GDPR、DMA、AI Act、DSA）而不表明立场
  4. 就这个话题对你个人的感受作反思性写作
Show answer查看答案
Answer: A. Narrowing the huge global debate to one sharp, evidence-backed claim (e.g. one country, one rationale) and triangulating with comparative casesThe brief is explicitly ARGUMENTATIVE, not reflective or descriptive. The taught route is to narrow scope (e.g. 'why China still needs its own digital policy') and triangulate with contrasting models (EU rights-based, Australia selective interventionism), supported by ~20 references. Breadth without a thesis is the trap markers penalise.
答案：A. 把宏大的全球辩论收窄为一个尖锐、有证据支撑的论点（如一个国家、一个理由），并用比较案例做三角印证题目明确是「论证性」而非反思或描述性的。课程给出的路径是收窄范围（如「为什么中国仍需要自己的数字政策」），并用对照模型（欧盟以权利为本、澳大利亚选择性干预）做三角印证，辅以约 20 条参考文献。只有广度、没有论点正是评分者要扣分的陷阱。
Assessment-style questions考核题型

Key assessment-style questions in MECM90002MECM90002 核心考核风格题

A1 essay — national policy rationale (set question 1)A1 论文——国家政策的必要性（命题 1）
Argue why a country still needs its OWN digital policy when data flows globally and ignores borders. Strong answers narrow to one country + one rationale (culture / cybersecurity / local economy) and triangulate with comparative models.论证：在数据全球流动、无视国界的世界里，为什么单个国家仍需要它「自己的」数字政策。出色的答案会收窄为一个国家 + 一个理由（文化 / 网络安全 / 本地经济），并用比较模型做三角印证。
One of the three real A1 set questions. Frame as YOUR argument; the exemplar in the AskSia Library used China's 'digital sovereignty' with EU/Australia contrasts — paraphrased, not to be copied.
三道真实 A1 命题之一。须写成「你自己」的论证；数据库中的范文以中国「数字主权」并对照欧盟/澳大利亚——此处为转述，不可照抄。
A1 essay — UN transnational-policymaker brief (set question 2)A1 论文——联合国跨国政策制定者命题（命题 2）
Imagine you sit inside a UN-style body shaping global digital rules: what would you prioritise to regulate the worldwide digital space? Define a clear priority (e.g. access vs protection) and defend it with cases.设想你身处联合国式机构、负责塑造全球数字规则：在监管全球数字空间时你会优先什么？设定清晰的优先项（如「接入」对「保护」）并以案例加以论证。
Second real A1 set question. The exemplar argued a global digital-human-rights charter (access + protection) via Indonesia's Palapa Ring and UU PDP — paraphrased.
第二道真实 A1 命题。范文以印尼 Palapa Ring 与 UU PDP 论证全球数字人权宪章（接入 + 保护）——此处为转述。
A1 essay — platform responsibility (set question 3)A1 论文——平台责任（命题 3）
What duties does a globe-spanning content platform owe — to its users, societies and democratic processes? Pick a specific platform + harm and argue the scope and limits of its responsibility.一个横跨全球的内容平台对其用户、社会与民主进程负有哪些责任？选定一个具体平台 + 一种危害，论证其责任的范围与边界。
Third real A1 set question. The exemplar used Facebook + disinformation management — paraphrased, not reproduced.
第三道真实 A1 命题。范文以 Facebook + 虚假信息治理为例——此处为转述，未照录。
A2 oral pitch / A3 case study — a platform × content moderationA2 口头提案 / A3 案例研究——某平台 × 内容审核
Take a policymaker's role: name one platform's specific moderation failure (e.g. hate speech, misinformation) and pitch a targeted intervention. A3 then works it into a 1,500-word case study (problem → context → feasible intervention).扮演政策制定者：指出某一平台具体的审核失败（如仇恨言论、虚假信息）并提出有针对性的干预。A3 再将其写成 1,500 字案例研究（问题 → 背景 → 可行干预）。
Assessment-style, drawn from the real A2/A3 Topic-1 lane. Course cases include Rohingya v Facebook (2017 Myanmar) and the EU DMA gatekeepers.
按评估形式，取自真实的 A2/A3「Topic 1」方向。课程案例包括 Rohingya 诉 Facebook（2017 缅甸）与欧盟 DMA「守门人」。
A3 case study — a country and ONE of its national digital policies (or the gap)A3 案例研究——某国及其一项国家数字政策（或政策空缺）
Examine one country's specific policy — or the absence of one as the intervention itself. Describe the case, evidence the problem, then design a concrete national policy response.考察某国一项具体政策——或将「缺少政策」本身作为干预对象。描述案例、用证据界定问题，再设计具体的国家政策应对。
Assessment-style, real A3 Topic-2 lane. Taught examples: Australia's Online Safety Act / News Media Bargaining Code, UK 'duty of care', Russia's 'Sovereign Internet'.
按评估形式，真实 A3「Topic 2」方向。课程范例：澳大利亚《在线安全法》/《新闻媒体议价准则》、英国「注意义务」、俄罗斯「主权互联网」。
A3 case study — a specific international policy or organisationA3 案例研究——某项具体国际政策或组织
Analyse one international instrument or body and propose how it should evolve. Assess its reach, its enforcement gaps and a targeted improvement.分析某一国际制度或机构，并提出其应如何演进。评估其影响范围、执行缺口与一项有针对性的改进。
Assessment-style, real A3 Topic-3 lane. Taught examples: UN Global Digital Compact, OECD AI Principles (2019/2024), EU AI Act, UNESCO platform guidelines.
按评估形式，真实 A3「Topic 3」方向。课程范例：联合国全球数字契约、OECD《人工智能原则》（2019/2024）、欧盟《人工智能法案》、UNESCO 平台指南。
Concept — jurisdiction & sovereignty as the 'key tools' online概念——作为线上「核心工具」的管辖权与主权
Explain why borderless data strains jurisdiction (territorial/personality/effects bases) and sovereignty, and evaluate an attempt to reassert them (e.g. data localisation, extraterritorial reach).解释无国界数据为何冲击管辖权（属地/属人/效果原则）与主权，并评估一种重新主张二者的尝试（如数据本地化、域外管辖）。
Exam-style on the Week 4 'key tools'. Real worked cases: TikTok v US, Google–Brexit data reassignment, Australia's Assistance and Access Act 2018.
针对第 4 周「核心工具」的论述式题。真实案例：TikTok 诉美国、Google–脱欧数据迁移、澳大利亚 2018《协助与访问法》。
Concept — is regulation of data monopolies necessary, and is it possible?概念——监管数据垄断是否必要、是否可能？
Weigh the case that platforms are 'too big' and markets underproduce public-interest information against the difficulty of enforcing rules on a globally mobile actor; reach a reasoned position.权衡「平台过于庞大、市场低供给公共利益信息」与「对全球流动主体执法困难」两方面，得出有理据的立场。
Exam-style on the Week 3 debate (Pickard's vertical-integration critique vs Helberger's 'cooperative responsibility'). Cases: Google EU antitrust, EU DMA gatekeepers.
针对第 3 周辩论（Pickard 的纵向整合批判 vs Helberger 的「合作责任」）。案例：Google 欧盟反垄断、欧盟 DMA「守门人」。
Concept — self-regulation vs state regulation vs co-regulation概念——自我监管 vs 国家监管 vs 共同监管
Compare the three regulatory modes for digital platforms, with the critiques of each, and argue which best fits a named context (e.g. a Global South state facing Global North platforms).比较数字平台的三种监管模式及各自的批评，论证哪种最适合某一指定情境（如面对全球北方平台的全球南方国家）。
Exam-style synthesis. Real anchors: Australia's DIGI self-reg code, UK Online Safety Act (state), Nigeria's Platform Code (co-regulation; Obia's 'power asymmetry' critique).
综合论述式题。真实锚点：澳大利亚 DIGI 自律守则、英国《在线安全法》（国家）、尼日利亚平台守则（共同监管；Obia 的「权力不对称」批评）。
Concept — historical roots: 'those in power remain in power'概念——历史根源：「掌权者恒掌权」
Argue how 19th-century transborder communication (British telegraph empire, Marconi, the founding of the ITU in 1865) seeded today's regulatory paradigms and entrenched early advantage.论证 19 世纪的跨境通信（英国电报帝国、Marconi、1865 年成立的 ITU）如何奠定今日监管范式并固化先发优势。
Exam-style on the Week 5 history thesis. Real anchors: ~60% British-owned cables by 1891, the McBride Report (1980/NWICO), WTO/GATS reframing of communication as trade.
针对第 5 周历史命题。真实锚点：1891 年约 60% 海缆为英资、McBride 报告（1980/NWICO）、WTO/GATS 将传播重塑为「贸易」。
Worked example例题精解

A worked MECM90002 problemMECM90002 例题

Signature task: the 2,500-word policy essay — 'why national digital policy still matters'标志性任务：2,500 字政策论文——「为什么各国仍需要自己的数字政策」

Problem题目

The largest piece of MECM90002 asks you to choose ONE of three set essay questions and build an argument backed by ~20 references. The hardest of the three: in a world where data flows globally and ignores borders, make the case for why an individual country still needs its OWN digital policy. The trap students fall into is staying at the level of the huge global debate; markers reward narrowing it to a sharp, evidence-backed claim.

MECM90002 占比最大的一项要求你从三道命题中任选其一，写一篇约 20 条参考文献支撑的论证性论文。其中最难的一道：在数据全球流动、无视国界的世界里，论证为什么单个国家仍然需要它「自己的」数字政策。学生常陷入的陷阱是停留在宏大的全球辩论层面；评分奖励把问题收窄成一个尖锐、有证据支撑的论点。

Approach解题思路

Narrow the scope to one country and one rationale, then triangulate with the course's comparative cases. (1) Pick a clear lens — e.g. China's 'digital/cyber sovereignty' (2017 Cybersecurity Law data-localisation, the Great Firewall) as protection of national security and a local industry. (2) Sharpen the thesis: even with borderless data, sovereignty remains the essential locus because culture, security and the local economy are governed nationally — and uncoordinated global consensus is elusive. (3) Triangulate with contrasting models from the syllabus: the EU's rights-based 'data subject' approach (GDPR + the Brussels effect) and Australia's selective interventionism (News Media Bargaining Code). (4) Concede the counter-argument — that purely national rules risk a 'splinternet' and 'favour the rules of the strongest' — then rebut it. (5) Cite ~20 sources mixing peer-reviewed scholarship (Volkmer 2021, Couture & Toupin 2019) with policy documents and reports. Note: this is the conceptual approach for YOUR own argument — under the subject's AI policy (MPF1310 / Turnitin AI detection), submitting AI-written text is misconduct.

把范围收窄到「一个国家 + 一个理由」，再用课程的比较案例做三角印证。(1) 选定清晰视角——例如以中国的「数字/网络主权」（2017《网络安全法》数据本地化、防火长城）作为国家安全与本土产业保护的体现。(2) 提炼论点：即便数据无国界，主权仍是关键落点，因为文化、安全与本地经济仍以国家为单位治理，而全球共识难以达成。(3) 用大纲中的对照模型做三角印证：欧盟以权利为本的「数据主体」路径（GDPR + 布鲁塞尔效应）与澳大利亚的选择性干预（新闻媒体议价准则）。(4) 主动承认反方观点——纯国家化规则可能导致「分裂的互联网」并「偏向强者的规则」——再加以反驳。(5) 引用约 20 条来源，兼顾同行评审学术（Volkmer 2021、Couture & Toupin 2019）与政策文件、报告。注意：这是用于「你自己」论证的思路框架——按本课 AI 政策（MPF1310 / Turnitin AI 检测），提交 AI 代写文本属学术不端。

Key terms核心术语

MECM90002 glossaryMECM90002 术语表

Media governance媒体治理
The system of rules, norms and institutions that regulate media and communication across jurisdictions.
跨司法辖区规制媒体与传播的规则、规范与机构所构成的体系。
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)国际电信联盟（ITU）
The UN agency that coordinates global telecommunication standards and allocates radio spectrum.
协调全球电信标准、分配无线电频谱的联合国专门机构。
Spectrum allocation频谱分配
The regulated assignment of radio-frequency bands to different uses and users.
对无线电频段在不同用途与使用者之间进行的受监管分配。
Platform regulation平台监管
Rules governing the conduct, liability and content responsibilities of digital platforms.
规制数字平台行为、责任与内容义务的规则。
Disinformation / 'fake news'虚假信息 / '假新闻'
Deliberately false or misleading information; a focus of contemporary content-policy debate.
刻意制造的虚假或误导性信息；当代内容政策辩论的核心议题之一。
Intellectual property (IP)知识产权（IP）
Legal rights (copyright, trademarks, etc.) over creative and informational works in global media trade.
在全球媒体贸易中针对创作与信息成果的法律权利（版权、商标等）。
Cultural heritage protection文化遗产保护
Instruments (e.g. UNESCO conventions) that safeguard cultural diversity and heritage from market pressures.
保护文化多样性与遗产、抵御市场压力的制度（如 UNESCO 公约）。
AI ethicsAI 伦理
Principles of fairness, accountability and transparency applied to data and AI systems.
适用于数据与 AI 系统的公平、问责与透明原则。
Policy document政策文件
A formal written instrument setting out governance positions or recommendations for a media body.
为媒体机构阐明治理立场或建议的正式书面文件。
Hurdle requirement过关要求（hurdle）
A non-negotiable condition (e.g. 80% attendance) that must be met to pass, separate from the mark.
必须满足才能通过的硬性条件（如出勤 80%），与分数高低分开计算。
'Fluid' data ecology「流动的」数据生态
The subject's signature concept: unlike old territorially-anchored media, today's data lives on servers anywhere, moves constantly across borders, and so resists nation-bounded regulation.
本课的标志性概念：与过去被领土锚定的旧媒体不同，今天的数据可存放于任意地点的服务器、不断跨境流动，因而难以用以国界为限的方式监管。
Data / digital sovereignty数据主权 / 数字主权
A state's (or group's) claim to control data, infrastructure and tech standards within its jurisdiction; taught as plural — national, individual/subjective and Indigenous (e.g. Maori Te Mana Raraunga).
国家（或群体）对其管辖范围内数据、基础设施与技术标准的控制主张；课程将其视为多元概念——国家、个人/主体与原住民三层（如毛利人 Te Mana Raraunga）。
Gatekeeper (EU DMA)「守门人」（欧盟 DMA）
Under the EU Digital Markets Act, a large platform controlling a 'core platform service' that is an important gateway between businesses and end users (Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft).
在欧盟《数字市场法》下，控制「核心平台服务」、构成商家与终端用户之间重要门户的大型平台（Alphabet、Amazon、Apple、ByteDance、Meta、Microsoft）。
The Brussels effect「布鲁塞尔效应」
The way EU regulation (e.g. GDPR) spreads worldwide through the market power and extraterritorial reach of EU rules (Bradford).
欧盟法规（如 GDPR）凭借市场力量与域外效力向全球扩散的现象（Bradford）。
FAQ

MECM90002 — common questionsMECM90002 常见问题

How is MECM90002 assessed?MECM90002 怎么考核？
100% coursework — there is no final exam. The marks come from an essay (2,500 words, 50%), an oral presentation (1,000-word equivalent, ~Week 11, 25%) and a written case study (1,500 words, submitted in the examination period, 25%). To pass you must also meet the hurdles: at least 80% tutorial attendance and submission of every piece; late work loses 5% per day.
100% 平时作业——没有期末考试。分数来自：论文（2,500 字，50%）、口头报告（约合 1,000 字，约第 11 周，25%）、书面案例研究（1,500 字，考试周内提交，25%）。此外须满足过关要求：tutorial 出勤不低于 80%、所有作业均须提交；逾期每天扣 5%。
Is the 'written case study during the examination period' a final exam?'考试周内提交的书面案例研究'算期末考试吗？
No. Despite being due in the exam period, it is a 1,500-word take-home written assignment worth 25%, not a sit-down or closed-book exam. MECM90002 has no exam of any kind.
不算。虽然在考试周提交，它是一份 1,500 字、占 25% 的带回家书面作业，并非现场或闭卷考试。MECM90002 没有任何形式的考试。
What does MECM90002 actually cover?MECM90002 到底讲什么？
Global media and data governance — the instruments, trade rules and international bodies (ITU, WTO, UNESCO) that set cross-border standards, plus topical issues such as spectrum allocation, platform and content regulation, 'fake news', intellectual property, cultural-heritage protection and AI ethics. Students also practise drafting workable policy documents.
全球媒体与数据治理——设定跨境标准的制度、贸易规则与国际机构（ITU、WTO、UNESCO），以及频谱分配、平台与内容监管、“假新闻”、知识产权、文化遗产保护、AI 伦理等热点议题。学生还会练习撰写可操作的政策文件。
Who takes MECM90002 and what's the workload shape?谁会修 MECM90002？workload 是什么节奏？
It is a 12.5-credit-point graduate subject in the School of Culture and Communication, taken mainly by Master of Global Media Communication students. The workload is essay- and presentation-heavy with continuous tutorial participation, so it rewards steady reading and writing across the semester rather than end-of-term cramming.
这是文化与传播学院开设的 12.5 学分研究生课程，主要面向 Master of Global Media Communication 学生。负荷以论文与口头报告为主，并需持续参与 tutorial，因此奖励整个学期稳定的阅读与写作，而非期末突击。
Can I use AskSia for MECM90002, and is it bilingual?MECM90002 能用 AskSia 吗？支持中文吗？
Yes. Sia helps you understand the governance frameworks and structure your essay/case-study arguments step-by-step; submitting AI-generated text as your own work is misconduct under University of Melbourne policy. Concept explanations can switch to Chinese while policy terms (ITU, WTO, spectrum, IP) stay in English to match your assessment.
可以。Sia 帮你理解治理框架、逐步搭建论文/案例研究的论证；把 AI 生成内容当作自己作业提交，按墨大政策属学术不端。概念解释可切换中文，而政策术语（ITU、WTO、频谱、IP）保留英文，以贴合你的英文评估。
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