PMGT1865 Project Time, Cost and Resources
PMGT1865 Overview
- The University of Sydney
- Semester 2, 2026
- Level 1, 6 credit points
- Blended, two hour weekly workshops
- Six weighted assessment components
PMGT1865 Project Time, Cost and Resources is a first year, six credit point unit taught at the University of Sydney by its School of Project Management.
- Assessed by Class participation, a one per cent early feedback task in Week 3, an individual case study report of about 3,500 words, a group project plan, a group presentation and a two hour final quiz sat in the workshop in Week 13.
- Where the weight sits The group project plan and the group presentation together carry 40 per cent and both land in the same fortnight at the end of semester, so group formation in the first weeks matters more than it looks.
- Hardest step Carrying one project through every method in order, so that the network, the resource plan, the budget and the earned value report all describe the same work with the same identifiers.
- How to prepare Work one small project of your own invention through every method by hand. Almost nothing here is recall: each task gives you a table and asks for a number and then for what the number means.
How PMGT1865 is assessed
| Component | Weight | Format |
|---|---|---|
| Class and online participation | 9% | Marks awarded for participation in discussions across multiple weeks, alongside an attendance check |
| Early feedback task | 1% | A short individual submission built from the in class activities of Weeks 2 and 3, due Week 3 (23 August 2026) |
| Individual assignment | 20% | A case study worked up into an individual report of about 3,500 words, due Week 8 (20 September 2026). The unit's own course schedule places this on the Week 7 row, so confirm the week for your session |
| Group assignment | 15% | Project plans developed for a set case study, in groups of five, about 3,500 words, due Week 12 (1 November 2026) |
| Group presentation | 25% | The group presents its project and answers questions, 10 to 20 minutes. The unit outline records a Week 12 deadline while the course schedule runs presentations across Weeks 11 and 12, so your session and group number decide which |
| Final quiz | 30% | An in person written or creative task of two hours, sat during your own workshop in Week 13. Generative AI is prohibited for this component |
The six weights come from the University's unit outline for the Semester 2, 2026 offering and are repeated on the unit's own assessment page; they sum to exactly 100 per cent. The hurdle column carries a sentence rather than a flag because the word hurdle appears nowhere in either source, and an absence of a statement is not a published rule either way. Attendance is a published pass condition sitting outside this table: the outline sets a minimum of 85% of timetabled activities, with exceptions granted only by the Dean or the Head of School, and says that failing to meet the minimum attendance requirement may result in a fail grade; the unit's Canvas introduction page states 90% instead, so plan to the stricter figure. Two due dates also differ between sources and both are flagged in the dates table. Confirm all of it, and your own group allocation, on the unit's assessment page.
Current PMGT1865 dates
| Date | Item | Control |
|---|---|---|
| 23 August 2026, 23:59 | Early feedback task due | Week 3, built from the Week 2 and Week 3 activities |
| 20 September 2026, 23:59 | Individual assignment due | Week 8 in the unit outline; the course schedule shows it on the Week 7 row |
| Weeks 11 and 12 | Group presentations | Your session and group number decide which week you present |
| 1 November 2026, 23:59 | Group assignment due | Week 12 |
| Week 13 | Final quiz | Two hours, sat in your own workshop; generative AI prohibited |
Dates are as published in the University's published unit outline for the Semester 2, 2026 offering. Confirm exact deadlines and submission settings in the live LMS.
What PMGT1865 covers
PMGT1865 organises itself into three topics, Time, Cost and Resource, taught across ten workshop weeks. This guide follows the teaching order instead, because each method is built out of the one before it: the network needs the work breakdown structure, the passes need the network, the probability work needs the passes, resource levelling needs the float, and earned value needs the time phased budget.
Assessment is six weighted components with no final examination, ending in a two hour quiz sat in the workshop in Week 13.
Project Planning, Life Cycles and Project Scope
Five phase life cycle, ten knowledge areas, planning in different contexts, product and project scope, scope creep and the scope statement (Week 1)02Building a Work Breakdown Structure
Deliverable oriented decomposition, indented list and tree formats, the level ladder to work package and activity, five structural rules, and how far to decompose (Week 2)03Sequencing Activities into a Precedence Network
The five step schedule process, node anatomy, placement rules, merge and burst activities, and duration against effort based estimating (Week 2)04Forward Pass, Backward Pass and the Critical Path
The two passes and their choice rules, float as late start minus early start, free against total float, and diagnosing a pass that will not close (Week 2)05Schedule Formats, Gantt Charts and Planning Software
Schedule table, milestone chart, network and bar chart compared, drawing float on a bar, the three stated limitations, and what planning software automates (Weeks 2 and 8)06Overlapping Relationships and Link Lag
Finish to start, start to start, finish to finish and start to finish, the compound link, link lag against lead time, and the four forward pass rules (Week 3)07Float and the Critical Path in Overlapped Schedules
Free and total float computed from lags, end against terminal activities, the notional finish node, the validity check, and redundant links (Week 3)08Three Point Estimating and Expected Duration
Deterministic against probabilistic, the beta assumption, optimistic, most likely and pessimistic estimates, the weighted mean and standard deviation, and expected project duration (Week 4)09Probability of Completion and Target Dates
Project variance as a root sum of squares, the Z statistic, reading the normal table including negative values, and scheduling for a chosen confidence (Week 4)10Estimating Project Resources
Consumed against applied resources, the three step resource plan, deterministic and probabilistic method families, and parametric, analogous and bottom-up estimating (Week 5)11Resource Levelling, Smoothing and Utilisation
Why time schedules over promise, unlimited against limited levelling, the seven step trial and error method, the utilisation factor, and the three costs of levelling (Week 5)12Roles, Responsibilities and the RACI Matrix
The nine elements of a human resource plan, its five sub-plans, seven organisational structures, and the matrix where work and organisation intersect (Week 5)13Cost Estimation and the Project Cost Estimate
The four objectives of cost management, three cost documents, direct, indirect and contingency layers, the two reserves, bid price, and the five accuracy classes (Week 7)14Time Phased Budgets and Cash Flow
The determine budget process, the two budget identities, funding limit reconciliation, proportional spreading and the goods rule, and cash flow with a running balance (Week 7)15Procurement Planning and Contract Types
Make, team or buy, the procurement schedule and its seven columns, the four procurement processes, the six essential elements of a contract, and three contract types (Week 9)16Earned Value Measurement and Forecasting
Planned value, earned value and actual cost, the two variances and their signs, what schedule variance cannot tell you, the indices, and forecasting the finish (Week 10)It teaches the tools and methods project managers use to balance the three quantities in its title: breaking work down, planning to milestones, building and calculating schedules, tracking performance against a baseline, costing the work, calculating a budget, planning the people and plant, and buying in what the team will not build.
The framing throughout is the traditional waterfall tradition, using the Project Management Body of Knowledge as its map, and the unit works through it as a single continuous method rather than as ten separate topics. The unit is unusual for a first year unit in how little of it is recall.
Almost every assessable task hands you a table of activities, durations, estimates or costs and asks you to produce a number, then to say what that number means for a decision about the schedule, the budget or the resource plan.
Four of the eight learning outcomes begin with a verb that produces a quantity: develop a precedence network and determine the critical path, determine the work effort of activities, cost the work and calculate a budget, and work out what a given risk would do to the dates, the spending and the staffing.
Delivery is blended: students read and watch material before class, then attend a two hour workshop each week where the methods are worked on a running case study, with six to eight hours of self study expected alongside. Attendance is a published pass condition that sits outside the assessment table.
The University's unit outline for this offering states that students are expected to attend a minimum of 85% of timetabled activities, that exceptions may be granted only by the Dean or the Head of School, and that failure to meet the minimum attendance requirement may result in a fail grade; it also allows additional assessment items to be set where the attendance requirement differs from 85%.
The unit's own Canvas introduction page instead states a minimum of 90%. Both figures are published by the University and this guide does not choose between them: plan to the stricter one and confirm which applies to your session. Assessment is six weighted components summing to 100 per cent, with no final examination.
Written work submitted late loses five per cent of the maximum mark per calendar day and scores zero after ten calendar days, and applications for special consideration must be submitted within three working days of the due date.
Reading a critical path, and answering the question behind it
- +1Forward pass from the start. A runs 0 to 4. B, C and E all start at 4 and finish at 10, 12 and 14 respectively.
- +1Resolve the first merge. D waits for both B and C, so it takes the higher early finish, 12 from C, and runs 12 to 17.
- +1Resolve the second merge. F waits for D at 17 and E at 14, takes 17, and runs 17 to 20. G then runs 20 to 22, so the project duration is 22 working days.
- +1Backward pass. G is 20 to 22, F is 17 to 20, D is 12 to 17, E is 7 to 17, B is 6 to 12 and C is 4 to 12. A takes the lowest successor late start, which is 4 from C, so A is 0 to 4 and its late start returns to zero.
- +1Float is late start minus early start: A 0, B 2, C 0, D 0, E 3, F 0, G 0. The connected chain of zero float activities is A, C, D, F, G, and 4 plus 8 plus 5 plus 3 plus 2 is 22, matching the forward pass.
Key terms
- Work breakdown structure
- A structure that takes everything the project team has to execute and splits it, level by level, into deliverables sitting inside deliverables. It defines scope in operational terms and must capture everything the project plans to do and everything it plans to buy, because the schedule, the budget and the resource plan are all built on top of it.
- Float
- How long an activity can sit idle before the whole job finishes later than promised. It is computed as late start minus early start once both passes are complete, and an activity with zero float is critical.
- Critical path
- The connected chain of activities that carry no float, running from the start of the network to the activity that determines the project duration. Delaying any one of them delays the whole project by the same amount.
- Link lag
- The gap between the early finish of a preceding activity and the early start of the one that follows it. It is measured after the forward pass rather than set in advance, and in an overlapped network the floats are computed from it.
- Expected duration
- The weighted mean of three estimates, counting the most likely value four times and each extreme once over six shares. It differs from the most likely value whenever the estimates are skewed, which for activity durations is almost always.
- Resource levelling
- Reshuffling work inside available float so that busy days flatten and quiet days fill. It buys a lower peak with the schedule's remaining slack, so a levelled plan uses its crew efficiently and absorbs future delay poorly.
- Responsibility assignment matrix
- The intersection of the work breakdown structure and the organisation breakdown structure, defining who is responsible for each item of work. In its RACI form it also records who approves, who contributes and who is kept informed.
- Contingency
- Funds held for work the project has already agreed to going worse than planned, such as activities running long. It is split into project contingency for known unknowns and management reserve for unknown unknowns, and it is never a funding source for new scope.
- Cost baseline
- The time phased direct cost of the project, built by allocating each activity's estimated cost to the period in which it occurs. It is the curve that performance is measured against once the work starts.
- Earned value
- The value of completed work expressed in the budget assigned to it, computed as percent complete multiplied by the budget allocated. It is always priced at planned cost rather than at actual cost, which is what allows a cost variance to exist at all.
PMGT1865 FAQ
Is Project Time, Cost and Resources a hard first year unit?
It is not conceptually difficult and it is unforgiving of carelessness. Very little of it is recall: each week hands you a table and asks for a quantity, and a single reversed subtraction or a factor applied the wrong way round propagates through everything downstream.
Students who work the methods by hand on a project of their own tend to find it manageable, while those who read worked solutions without reproducing them tend to discover in Week 13 that recognising a method is not the same as being able to run one.
The other demand is administrative rather than intellectual: two of the six components are group work and both land in the same fortnight, so the semester has to be planned, not merely attended.
Is there a final examination, and what is the quiz?
There is no formal examination in the University's examination period. The largest single component is a two hour in person written or creative task called the final quiz, worth 30 per cent, sat during your own workshop in the final teaching week.
It is the one component for which generative AI is prohibited, and because it is run in the workshop rather than centrally timetabled, the room and time are your usual class rather than an examination venue. Confirm the arrangements for your own session on the unit's assessment page.
Where are the weightings published, and is anything a hurdle?
The six weights appear in the University's unit outline for the offering and are repeated on the unit's own assessment page, and they sum to exactly 100 per cent. The word hurdle does not appear in either source, so this guide records a sentence rather than a flag against each component: an absence of a statement is not a published rule in either direction.
Attendance is a published pass condition that sits outside the assessment table.
The University's unit outline for this offering states that students are expected to attend a minimum of 85% of timetabled activities, that exceptions may be granted only by the Dean or the Head of School, and that failure to meet the minimum attendance requirement may result in a fail grade; it also allows additional assessment items to be set where the attendance requirement differs from 85%.
The unit's own Canvas introduction page instead states a minimum of 90%. Both figures are published by the University and this guide does not choose between them: plan to the stricter one and confirm which applies to your session.
What is the difference between the critical path method and three point estimating?
They are the same technique run on different kinds of number. The critical path method is deterministic: each activity carries one duration treated as known, and the answer is a date. Three point estimating is probabilistic: each activity carries an optimistic, a most likely and a pessimistic estimate, from which a weighted mean and a standard deviation are computed, and the answer is a date together with a confidence in it.
Everything else, the network, the two passes, the merge and burst rules and the float subtraction, is identical. The practical consequence is that three point estimating is useful even where there is little or no previous schedule data, which is exactly the situation a single point estimate handles worst.
Why can resource levelling make a schedule worse?
Because it pays for a lower resource peak with the schedule's remaining slack. Levelling pushes activities that are not critical into their own spare time and away from the busy periods, and an activity that has spent all of its float is critical in resource terms even if it still looks free in time terms.
Three consequences follow: the amount of float in the schedule falls, work shifts towards the end of the project where coordination is hardest, and every activity acquires a fixed start and finish it must hold or the demand goes out of balance with the committed crew. The trade off is real and it should be stated rather than hidden, especially where the risk of overrun is high.
What can earned value not tell me?
Quite a lot, and the list is examinable. A schedule variance is measured in money, not in time, so it cannot say how many days late a project is. It does not address the sequence of the work, the importance of the work or the critical path, it does not identify whether the variance came from labour or from materials, and it does not indicate what recovering the slippage would cost.
What it does very well is act as an early warning: it reports that something is behind or overspent, quantitatively and without bias, and prompts you to go back to the network to find out whether it matters.
How may generative AI be used in this unit?
The unit outline marks it as allowed for the participation task, the early feedback task, both assignments and the presentation, and prohibited for the final quiz.
Where it is allowed, five responsibilities apply: you take full responsibility for everything you submit, you acknowledge any use including the tool names and their purpose, the submission must reflect your own independent thinking, use is optional, and it should support or extend your thinking rather than replace it.
The acknowledgement goes in a short endnote or footnote of two or three sentences and is not counted in the word limit. Unapproved use, or use that is not acknowledged, is treated as a breach of academic integrity.
How to prepare for the assessments
Treat this unit as one continuous method rather than ten topics, and carry a single project of your own invention through all of it. Ten or so activities is enough.
Draw its work breakdown structure, sequence it into a network, pass it forwards and backwards, put an overlapping relationship on two of its links and recompute, replace the durations with three point estimates, level one resource across it, price it, phase the budget across three periods, and then report it at the halfway point with earned value.
Every join between chapters becomes visible when the same project has to survive all of them, and the joins are where the assessment questions live.
Work the arithmetic by hand and never by reading, because the errors this unit punishes are procedural: a merge resolved with the lowest rather than the highest early finish, an efficiency factor multiplied instead of divided, standard deviations added instead of variances, a subtraction reversed in an earned value calculation. Each of those produces a plausible number, which is the expensive kind of mistake.
Build the habit of running the checks the methods already give you: the backward pass must return the first node to zero, the durations along the critical path must sum to the project duration, the phased budget periods must reconcile to the cost baseline. Each takes seconds and each converts a wrong answer into a corrected one.
Keep one page of the unit's own numbers, since the weightings, the late penalty, the three working day window for special consideration, the five accuracy classes and the RACI letters are what make an answer specific rather than generic. Finally, practise the second half of every question.
Almost every task here is a calculation followed by an interpretation, and the interpretation carries roughly a third of the marks: say what the number tells a project manager to do differently, and name what the method cannot see.
When something will not stick, ask Sia to explain it a different way and to set you a fresh version of the same calculation to work; it teaches the method and checks your reasoning, and it never substitutes for your own graded work. Confirm your semester's dates and weightings on the unit's own pages in your first week.
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