The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · S1 2026 · FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT

LGT5015 Supply Chain Management

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The Complete Exam Bible · Semester 1, 2026/27

LGT5015 Overview

Supply Chain Management
— Follow the flow, expose the trade-off, and defend the network decision.
  • The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Semester 1, 2026/27
  • Postgraduate management subject
  • Final examination component
  • Case-based coursework

What this subject asks you to connect

Supply Chain Management is organised around a deceptively simple problem: every operating decision changes more than one part of a network. A larger batch can lower production cost while raising inventory and slowing response.

  • Assessment Case-discussion participation and five reflections make up half the subject, while the final examination makes up the other half.
  • Quantitative core Rehearse EOQ, average inventory, turnover, reorder logic and risk exposure with units and interpretation.
  • Case method Move from case fact to course concept, operational implication and a defensible alternative.
  • Exam format Use the later official briefing because the available teaching plan does not publish duration, sections, question types or permitted materials.
LGT5015 · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
An independent, AskSia-authored study guide. AskSia is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; the course code and name are used for identification only.
Assessment

How LGT5015 is assessed

ComponentWeightFormat
Case Studies - Participation Assessment in Case Discussion25%Quality and quantity of contributions across five designated case discussions
Case Studies - Reflective Essay Writing25%Five reflective essays of 450 to 600 words
Final Examination50%Format to be discussed later in the semester

The teaching plan and marking rubric agree on these weights. For reflective essays, the case-study guide states that a similarity index higher than 15% is a disqualified submission marked zero and that, without an approved extension, 10% of marks given is deducted for each day late, with part of a day counted as one day. Check the current subject Canvas page for operational settings and later clarification. A component hurdle is not stated in the available course documents. The final examination format is to be announced later in the semester, so students should use the current Canvas briefing for duration, sections, question types and permitted materials.

Assessment structure

25%25%50%ParticipationReflectionsFinal examination

The three published weights total 100%.

Current dates · verify in LMS

Current LGT5015 dates

DateItemControl
24 September 2026Case 2 reflective essayDue by 23:59 in the published teaching plan.
15 October 2026Case 4A reflective essayDue by 23:59 in the published teaching plan.
22 October 2026Case 5 reflective essayDue by 23:59 in the published teaching plan.
12 November 2026Case 6 reflective essayDue by 23:59 in the published teaching plan.
19 November 2026Case 3 reflective essayDue by 23:59 in the published teaching plan.

Dates are as published in Teaching plan, lines 111 to 123.. Confirm exact deadlines and submission settings in the live LMS.

Contents · every chapter, one map

What LGT5015 covers

Nine chapters follow the published teaching sequence from supply chain scope and inventory through information, integration, sourcing, risk, distribution and customer value.

01

Supply Chain Scope and Global Optimisation

network flows, conflicting objectives and systemwide decisions

Why the boundary changes the answer

Supply-chain management treats suppliers, operations, distribution and customers as one connected decision system.

  • Material, information and financial flows
  • Local versus global optimisation
  • Conflicting functional objectives
  • Customer-service boundary
  • Directional consequence ledger
  • Coordination across firms
02

Inventory Policy and Economic Order Quantity

cycle stock, safety stock, EOQ, turnover and reorder logic

Stock types before formulas

Inventory supports routine replenishment, protects service against uncertainty and bridges time or distance.

  • Cycle and safety stock
  • Ordering and holding cost
  • Economic order quantity
  • Average inventory
  • Inventory turnover
  • Reorder point and service
03

Information Sharing and the Bullwhip Effect

forecast amplification, lead time, shared demand data and VMI

Orders are not final demand

The bullwhip effect appears when modest customer variation becomes larger upstream order variation. This chapter locates amplification in forecast updating, batching, promotions and shortage gaming.

  • Demand and order signals
  • Forecast updating
  • Order batching
  • Price fluctuation
  • Lead-time reduction
  • VMI and collaborative forecasting
04

Push, Pull and Supply Chain Integration

the push-pull boundary, postponement and strategy fit

One chain can use two decision logics

Push commits resources from forecasts, while pull responds to realised demand.

  • Forecast-driven push
  • Order-driven pull
  • Push-pull boundary
  • Postponement
  • Demand uncertainty
  • Lead time and scale
05

Strategic Alliances and Replenishment

3PL relationships, continuous replenishment and VMI governance

Shared control needs shared governance

Strategic alliances promise gains that partners cannot secure alone, but they also move information, operating control and risk across firms.

  • Alliance fit
  • Third-party logistics
  • Continuous replenishment
  • Vendor-managed inventory
  • Inventory ownership
  • Incentive alignment
06

Procurement, Outsourcing and Sourcing

total ownership cost, core competence and make-or-buy choice

Price is one line in the decision

Procurement protects continuity, quality, service, inventory and total cost. This chapter expands a supplier quote into total cost of ownership and separates outsourcing from offshoring.

  • Procurement objectives
  • Total cost of ownership
  • Outsourcing and offshoring
  • Core competence
  • Make-or-buy logic
  • Strategic sourcing
07

Supply Chain Risk and Resilience

exposure, mitigation, known uncertainty and adaptive capacity

Quantification has a boundary

Risk exposure combines probability and impact for a named event and supports comparison of avoidance, reduction, transfer and retention.

  • Probability and impact
  • Risk exposure
  • Avoid, reduce, transfer, retain
  • Risk leverage
  • Known-unknown scenarios
  • Unknown-unknown resilience
08

Distribution Networks and Inventory Pooling

direct shipment, warehousing, cross-docking and transshipment

Topology determines where uncertainty sits

Distribution can send products directly or through facilities that store, coordinate or rapidly transfer flow.

  • Direct shipment
  • Traditional warehousing
  • Cross-docking
  • Inventory pooling
  • Centralised control
  • Transshipment
09

Customer Value and Strategic Fit

value priorities, variety, service and operating alignment

The promise governs the trade-off

Customer value includes product, service, price, access, experience and intangible elements.

  • Customer value
  • Strategic focus
  • Price and brand
  • Product variety
  • Value-added service
  • Operating alignment

A cheaper supplier can extend lead time, create quality failures or weaken recovery. A central warehouse can pool uncertainty while moving stock farther from urgent demand.

The subject therefore rewards students who trace consequences across firms and functions instead of stopping at the first visible metric.

How the nine chapters fit together

The opening chapter defines the supply chain as linked material, information and financial flows and introduces global rather than local optimisation.

Inventory policy then provides the main calculations: economic order quantity, average inventory, turnover, safety stock and reorder logic. Information sharing explains why orders can become more volatile than final customer demand and why a data feed alone does not coordinate different forecasting and replenishment rules.

Integration places the push-pull boundary between forecast-driven and order-driven work.

Strategic alliances and vendor-managed inventory examine what happens when information and day-to-day control cross organisational boundaries. Procurement and outsourcing expand purchase price into total cost of ownership and ask whether knowledge, capacity or product architecture should stay internal.

Risk management separates exposure that can be estimated from uncertainty that requires resilience and fast learning.

Distribution compares direct shipment, warehousing, cross-docking, physical pooling and virtual pooling through transshipment. Customer value closes the loop by asking which promise governs every earlier trade-off.

A low-price chain, a service-led chain and a brand-led chain should not be designed or measured in the same way.

How marks are won

The published case-discussion ladder moves from basic summary to analytical connection and then to an insightful, creative perspective. Use that progression in every response.

Start with a concrete fact, connect it to a named mechanism, show the operational consequence and propose an alternative that acknowledges its cost.

For numerical work, define units, show the formula, keep precision until the end, verify the result and state what the number decides.

Submission rules outside the weight table

The case-study guide states that a reflective essay with a similarity index higher than 15% is treated as a disqualified submission and marked zero.

It also states that, without an approved extension, 10% of the marks given is deducted for each day late, with part of a day counted as one day. These rules apply to the reflective essays rather than the whole subject. Check the current subject Canvas page before submission because it controls the operational setting and any later clarification.

Worked example · free

Recompute an apparent freight saving across the network

Q [6 marks]. AskSia-authored practice. Purchasing saves $8,000 through full-truck orders, but the warehouse incurs $13,000 more holding cost and $4,000 of expiry. Find the total network effect and state the decision. The marks are an AskSia practice allocation, not the University's marking scheme.
Read the arrows together.Read the arrows together. Products, demand information and cash travel in different directions, so a change in one flow can shift cost or delay into another member. Three linked flows across one supply chain SupplierFirmCustomerproducts move downstreamdemand information moves upstreamcash settles across the network
Read the arrows together. Products, demand information and cash travel in different directions, so a change in one flow can shift cost or delay into another member.
  • 1Record the local freight benefit.
  • 2Add the downstream holding and expiry costs.
  • 3Calculate the net network effect and interpret it.
The local benefit is $8,000. The added downstream cost is $17,000. The net network effect is therefore an increase of $9,000 in total cost, so the ordering rule should be rejected unless another quantified benefit exceeds that amount. The calculation expands the decision boundary beyond purchasing rather than treating a departmental saving as the final verdict.
Sia tip — Put every consequence on the same annual basis before comparing. A local saving and a one-off cost cannot be subtracted honestly until their periods match.
Glossary

Key terms

Global Optimisation
A systemwide choice that improves the total supply-chain outcome rather than one function's metric.
Cycle Stock
Inventory created by routine replenishment quantities as stock falls between orders.
Safety Stock
Additional inventory held to protect service against demand or lead-time uncertainty.
Economic Order Quantity
The order quantity that balances annual ordering and cycle-stock holding costs under stated assumptions.
Bullwhip Effect
The amplification of demand variation as replenishment orders move upstream.
Push-Pull Boundary
The interface between forecast-driven stages and stages triggered by realised demand.
Postponement
Delaying product differentiation until better demand information is available.
Vendor-Managed Inventory
A replenishment arrangement in which the supplier manages agreed inventory decisions using shared data.
Total Cost of Ownership
The complete cost of acquiring, using, coordinating and supporting a purchased item or service.
Risk Exposure
The expected loss calculated from the probability of an event and its impact.
Inventory Pooling
Combining inventory across demands so variation can offset and protection stock can fall.
Customer Value
The customer's perception of the complete product, service and intangible offering.
FAQ

LGT5015 FAQ

How is the subject assessed?

The published structure is 25% case-discussion participation, 25% reflective essay writing and 50% final examination. The participation and reflection components use five designated cases. The teaching plan and marking rubric agree on these weights, and the numeric components total 100%.

What is the final examination format?

The available teaching plan does not publish a duration, section split, question type or permitted-materials rule. It states that the format will be discussed later in the semester. Use the current official Canvas announcement and examination briefing rather than assuming a format from another offering.

Which calculations should I practise?

Prioritise economic order quantity, annual ordering and holding cost, average inventory, inventory turnover, reorder logic and risk exposure. Always write units, keep precision until the operational rounding step, use an internal arithmetic check and finish with an interpretation of what the result decides.

How do I earn stronger case-discussion marks?

Move beyond a factual summary by connecting the case to a course concept and explaining the operational implication. The highest published response level adds an insightful or creative perspective. A useful structure is fact, mechanism, consequence, recommendation and a condition that could change the verdict.

What are the reflective essay requirements?

The subject requires five reflections of 450 to 600 words after the designated case discussions. The case-study guide states that a similarity index higher than 15% is a disqualified submission marked zero. Without an approved extension, 10% of marks given is deducted for each day late, with part of a day counted as one day. Check the current subject Canvas page before submission.

How should I revise across the nine topics?

First redraw the central figures and define every arrow or axis. Next recompute the quantitative examples with units. Finally, take one original case through the full chain: customer promise, mechanism, evidence, network consequence, recommendation, accepted trade-off and review condition.

Chapter questions

Questions students ask in each LGT5015 chapter

Why can a departmental saving be misleading?
A department usually records only the consequences inside its boundary. Larger batches may lower production cost while increasing stock, expiry and delay elsewhere. Rebuild the comparison at network level before deciding whether total performance improved. Use one customer promise and a common time basis, then identify where the local action moves cost, cash, risk or response burden across the chain. Chapter 01 · Supply Chain Scope and Global Optimisation
What does EOQ decide?
EOQ decides how much to order under its assumptions. It does not independently decide when to order, how much safety stock to hold or whether quantity discounts and uncertain lead times change total cost. Use reorder logic for timing, a service-based uncertainty model for protection and complete feasible cost comparisons when the unit price changes. Chapter 02 · Inventory Policy and Economic Order Quantity
Why is shared data not always enough?
Partners may see the same sales but apply different forecasting horizons, order cycles and protection rules. Physical lead times and incentives can also remain unchanged, so common visibility does not guarantee coordinated decisions. Coordination adds an agreed rule, clear decision rights and a response to exceptions; otherwise faster information may simply produce different orders more quickly. Chapter 03 · Information Sharing and the Bullwhip Effect
When does push make sense?
Push is favoured where demand is relatively stable, scale economies are strong or upstream lead times are too long for a customer to wait. Final allocation can still remain pull-driven. Name the forecast-driven operation and test how much generic stock is created, because describing an entire chain as push hides the boundary where real demand can still govern. Chapter 04 · Push, Pull and Supply Chain Integration
How is an alliance different from a transaction?
Performance depends on continuing joint processes, information and investment rather than a one-off exchange. The relationship therefore needs defined decision rights, measures and escalation, not only a price. The partners must also state who owns inventory, who absorbs failure and how authority changes when performance repeatedly misses the agreed service or stock boundary. Chapter 05 · Strategic Alliances and Replenishment
Why is the cheapest quote not always cheapest?
Freight, duties, administration, inspection, defects, inventory, delay and disruption can outweigh the quoted saving. Build the external total on the same basis as avoidable internal cost. Then assess knowledge, capacity, product architecture and dependence separately, because forcing strategic exposure into an unsupported dollar estimate can make a precise spreadsheet less truthful. Chapter 06 · Procurement, Outsourcing and Sourcing
What does exposure arithmetic contribute?
It places named risks on a comparable expected-loss basis and supports before-and-after evaluation of controls. The result depends on documented assumptions and does not guarantee what will happen. Use sensitivity across a plausible probability or impact range, and state the threshold where the preferred mitigation changes, rather than presenting one uncertain input as settled fact. Chapter 07 · Supply Chain Risk and Resilience
What does direct shipment save?
It can avoid facility cost and handling, but may increase small shipments and remove risk-pooling benefits. Evaluate both inbound and outbound transport and the source response capability. Product urgency, value density and customer distance can reverse the decision, so state the item and service conditions rather than treating direct flow as universally lean. Chapter 08 · Distribution Networks and Inventory Pooling
Why should a firm choose a value focus?
Price, service, access, product and experience require different capabilities and costs. Claiming leadership everywhere gives operating teams no way to resolve trade-offs or choose measures. A chosen focus clarifies which inventory, capacity, quality or distribution expense creates customer value and which complexity can be removed without weakening the promise. Chapter 09 · Customer Value and Strategic Fit
Study strategy

How to study for the exam

Use three passes. In the first pass, rebuild the visual logic from memory: network flows, EOQ cost curves, bullwhip amplification, the push-pull boundary, the make-or-buy matrix, the probability-impact map and distribution topologies. In the second, calculate EOQ, average inventory, turnover and risk exposure with units and verification. In the third, practise case judgement.

Start with the customer or network objective, identify the mechanism that produces the problem, choose evidence that could settle it and recommend one action while naming its cost. For case discussion, deliberately upgrade a basic factual response into an analytical response and then add one defensible alternative perspective.

Keep a separate checklist for the five reflective essays, including word range, current deadline and submission controls. Do not build revision around an assumed final-paper format; use the later official examination briefing when it appears.

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